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Ch 17 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Thermochemistry | The study of changes in heat energy that accompany chemical rxns and physical changes |
| Calorimeter | The heat absorbed or released in a chemical or physical change is measured with this |
| Temperature | A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles |
| Joule | the SI unit of heat energy as well as all other forms of energy |
| Heat/Heat energy | Can be thought of as the sum total of the kinetic energies of the particles in a sample of matter |
| Specific Heat | The amount of heat nrg required to raise the temp of one gram of substance by 1C or 1K |
| Heat of Reaction | The quantity of heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction |
| Thermochemical Equation | An equation that includes the quantity of heat released or absorbed during the rxn as written |
| Enthalpy | The heat content of a system at constant pressure (Delta H) |
| Enthalpy Change | The amount of heat absorbed or lost by a system during a process at constant pressure |
| Molar Heat of Formation | The heat released or absorbed when 1 mole of a compound is formed by combination of elements |
| Heat of Combustion | One mole of reactant, whereas the heat of formation is defined in terms of 1 mole of product |
| Hess's Law | The overall enthalpy change in a rxn is equal to the sum of enthalpy changes for the individual steps in the process |
| Entropy | A measure of the degree of randomness of the particles, such as molecules, in a system (Delta S) |
| Free Energy | The combined enthalpy-entropy function (G) |
| Free-energy Change | The difference between the change in enthalpy and the product of the K temp and entropy change |
| Reaction Mechanism | The step-by-step sequence of reactions by which the overall chemical change occurs |
| Intermediates | Species that appear in some steps but not in the net equation |
| Homogeneous Reactions | A reaction whose reactants and products exist is a single phase |
| Collision Theory | The set of assumptions regarding collisions and reactions |
| Activation Energy | The minimum energy required to transform the reactants into an activated complex |
| Activated Complex | A transitional structure that results from an effective collision and that persists while bonds are breaking and new bonds are forming |
| Reaction Rate | The change in concentration of reactants per unit time as a reaction proceeds |
| Chemical Kinetics | The area of chemistry that is concerned with reaction rates and reaction mechanisms |
| Heterogeneous Reactions | Involve reactants in two different phases |
| Catalyst | A substance that changes the rate of a chemical rxn without itself being permanently consumed |
| Catalysis | The action of a catalyst |
| Homogenous Catalyst | A catalyst that is in the same phase as all the reactants and products in a rxn |
| Heterogeneous Catalyst | When the phase is different from that of the reactants |
| Rate Law | An equation that relates reaction rate and concentrations of reactions |
| Rate-determining Step | The slowest rate step |
Created by:
mross16
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