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chapter 24

the key terms and people

TermDefinition
Giuseppe Mazzini founder of Young Italy, a nationalist group that fought for unification
Camillo di Cavour leader of the Italian unification movement
Giuseppe Garibaldi military leader who unified the southern states, joined them to the north, eventually forming the united Kingdom of Italy
Red Shirts Garibaldi's small, loyal army of volunteer troops
Victor Emmanuel the first king of the united Italy
Frederic Wilhelm IV Prussian king during the revolution of 1848
Zollverein an economic alliance that allowed for free trade between the German states
Otto von Bismarck Prussian prime minister, leading force behind German unification, later first chancellor of Germany
Wilhelm I king of Prussia who appointed Bismarck prime minister
realpolitik "politics of reality,” philosophy based on practical goals, used by Bismarck
Austro-Prussian War war between Prussia and Austria from June to August 1866
Franco-Prussian War war between France and Prussia from 1870 to 1871, unification of Germany resulted
Franz Joseph I emperor of Austria in 1848
Magyars an ethnic group that fought for independence in Hungary
Dual Monarchy the joining of Austria and Hungary to create Austria-Hungary, two separate, equal states under one ruler, the Austrian emperor
Crimean War war in which Britain, France, and Ottoman Turks fought Russia
Balkan Wars war involving many European nations that began in 1912, resulted in the Ottoman empire losing most of its land in Europe
Young Turks nationalist group that began a revolution in Turkey in 1908
autocracy government by one ruler with unlimited power
serfs people who were considered part of the land they worked on
Alexander II Russian czar who came to power in 1855, believed reform was necessary
pogroms widespread violent attacks by ethnic Russians against Jews
Trans-Siberian Railroad railroad linking western Russia to Siberia in the east
Russo-Japanese War war that started in 1904 between Japan and Russia
socialist republic a form of government in which the state owns and distributes all goods to the people and there is no private property
Vladimir Lenin Marxist who published a work supporting the overthrow of the czar
Bloody Sunday massacre of Russian protesters by their government on January 22, 1905
Duma a representative assembly for approving all laws
Created by: lcs1344304
 

 



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