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MesoAmerica
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What two continents combined are labeled as the Americas? | North and South America |
| This is a region that includes the southern part of what is now Mexico and parts of the northern countries of Central America | Mesoamerica |
| 2 part question: Name the mountain range that stretches down the western shore of South America. Name the large rain forest that includes one of the world's largest rivers. | Andes Mountains and the Amazon Region or Amazon River |
| What route do most historians believe the first people took to get to Mesoamerica in 12,000 BCE? | The land bridge that crosses that Bering Strait. |
| What major development allowed nomadic peoples of the Americas to settle in one place? | Experimenting with seeds and domesticated plants. |
| By growing all types of food like beans, squash, and maize, settlements could do what....? | 1. Support a larger population 2. Allow peoples to engage in other endeavors such as trade, religion, art, architecture, etc... This led the development of cities and towns |
| Which civilization formed the first urban civilization in Mesoamerica? (Aztec, Maya, Olmec, Inca) | Olmec started the first urban civilization in 1200 BCE and built the first pyramids in that region. |
| What was the first civilization to be recorded in South America? | The Chavin (chah- VEEN) and lasted from about 900-200 BCE. |
| This Mesoamerican civilization cleared thick forests of the Yucatan Peninsula and use it for building materials. | The Maya civilization, which began around 1000 BCE, used wood poles, vines, and mud to build their houses. |
| Describe the Maya Classic Age: | 1. Population grew and cities developed 2. Trade increased across the Americas 3. Warfare increased between different Mayan cities. |
| This food was known as the food of rulers and gods for the Maya: | Chocolate, which came from the precious Cacao beans that great in the warm lowlands. |
| Two major trading materials were: | Cacao, obsidian (sharp, glasslike volcanic rock), jade, rubber, cotton. |
| In what city did the temple honoring king Pacal stand in? | Pelenque (pah-leng-kay) - This temple was recorded his accomplishments. |
| 2 part question: 1.Describe the sport they used to play 2. What would happen to competitors who lost? | They bounce a rubber ball using only their upper bodies to try to get it through a stone ring. Sometimes losers would be killed. This was a tradition borrowed from the Olmec |
| Why did the Maya civilization come to an end? | Many theories: Warfare, destruction of crops, droughts, stopped building, rebellion against the king's demands, depletion of nutrients in the soils, climate, and others. Many believe it is a combination of these. |
| Put these Mayan social classes in order from highest to lowest (Warriors, slaves, kings, merchants, peasants, farmers, priests) | King - Priests - Warriors - Merchants - Farmers - Peasants - Slaves) |
| Were the Maya monotheistic or polytheistic? Which god or gods did they celebrate? | Polytheistic - Rain god, sun god, moon god, maize god, and others. |
| The Maya believed that the gods needed what to prevent disasters or the end of the world? | Blood - and lots of it. Special occasions like weddings, births, or funerals required extra amounts of blood. |
| Maya are known for three major achievements: Name them and describe them - | 1. Art/architecture - Their great temples and massive pyramids. Also, their jade and gold jewelry carvings 2. Science/math - Their observatories led to the development of a calendar and a number system 3. Writing/oral - Created records and books. |
| The Aztecs were traditionally farmers from Northern Mexico but were forced to become _________, because __________________________________________ __________________________________________. | Skilled warriors because as they moved farther south, they discovered that all the good farmland was taken. They became hired warriors. |
| What three factors led to the rise of the Aztec civilization and eventually helped them become the strongest in the Mesoamerica region? | War, tribute, and trade: War helped them conquer other peoples and they were forced to pay tribute. Aztecs used the tribute to trade with other civilizations. |
| To connect Tenochtitlan with the shore, Aztecs used what? | Causeways or raised roads across water or wet ground. |
| Because Tenochtitlan was on an island, it provided little opportunity for farming. What brilliant invention did the Aztecs borrow to gain more farmland? | Chinampas or floating gardens. Floating logs with soil and grass packed on top. This led the way for hydroponic growing. |
| Who led the Spanish in conquering the Aztecs in 1519? How did he get into the Aztec community so easy? | Hernan Cortez. The Aztecs believed he was a god sent to them so the Aztecs welcomed him without knowing he was a threat. |
| Place these Aztec social classes in order from highest to lowest (Merchants, priests, slaves, kings, nobles, warriors) | Kings - Nobles - Priests - Warriors - Merchants - Slaves |
| What did the Aztec believe would happen if they did not sacrifice people every day? | The sun wouldn't rise and the rain wouldn't fall. They would sacrifice thousands a year to satisfy their gods. |
| What was the food of the gods for the Aztecs? | Human sacrifices or blood |
| Aztec achievements/advancements include: | Science advancements like using plants for medicine and studying astronomy. Art/architecture advancements like bridges and canals or decorating knifes with jade handles. Writing advancements like developing a codex to keep historical records. |
| What civilization developed after the Chavin, Nazca, and the Chimu on the coast of South America? | Inca, which stretched almost the entire length of South America. |
| How was the central government organized in the Inca civilization? | Many leaders shared power and were loyal to the Inca government. Conquered children were sent to learn about Inca government and religion. They then taught their community Inca government and spread the Inca ideals. |
| How did Inca people pay their government? | No taxes - People paid their way in labor. The mita system told each household what work to complete. |
| How was the economy organized in Inca civilization? | There were no markets or merchants. The government distributed goods as people needed them. |
| What Spanish man conquered the Inca civilization? | Francisco Pizarro in 1530 attacked because Atahualpa refused to convert to Christianity. |
| How did Atahualpa plan to be set free from Spanish control? | Asked his peoples to fill rooms with silver, gold, and jewelry as a trade. Pizarro killed Atahualpa and took the prizes anyways. |
| The Inca and the Aztec fell because of many of the same reasons. Name at least 5: | Inferior weapons, disease, inferior body armor, belief systems, civil war with neighboring peoples, horses, overconfidence, and support from neighboring tribes. |
Created by:
MrNess