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Comm 110
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of communication we used in this course? | effective, appropraite |
| What is the definition of competent communication? | a competent communicator can be defined as one who is able to demonstrate the appropriate communicative behavior in a give situation and at the same time having the motivation to demonstrate this competence. |
| What is Edward Black's Basic Assumption of Communication and how does it work? | there must be a reprieved direct relationship between the intention of the speaker the characteristics of his or her discourse and expected listeners response Discourse --> Response -- Intention --> (Repeating cycle) |
| What are the 5 principles of Communication? Can you explain and apply each one? | Inevitable: It's going to happen no matter what transactional:interpersonal comm as a process with elements that are interdependent longitudinal:same group studied different times; dosnt have to take long irreversible: no take backs symbolic:gestures |
| What is the definition of Perception? | process by which we assign meaning to sensory data |
| What are the 5 stages of perception? | select,organize,interpret,evaluate, retain |
| What factors help direct our attention and how do they work (priming, repetition, etc)? | stage one-slection attention is limited, attention is directed Intensity Repetition Contrast Priming |
| What mental tricks do we use to help put sensory data into logical patterns and how do they work (punctuation, superimposing, etc)? | Punctuation- Take out what is important Superimposed- Take familiar and relate it to something Closure- Brain fills in the message |
| What is your self-concept? | how you perceive ourself, including your understanding of your own attitude |
| What is your self-esteem? | overall sense of wealth, worth and well-being(a positive or negative self-concept) |
| How do self-concept and self-esteem relate to self presentation and impression management? | self concept is "who I think i am" self esteem is "who I really am" we are happiest when out true self matches up to our ideal self |
| What is self-disclosure and how does it relate to SE, SC, and impression management? | primary way that we manage self-perception and foster self-esteem |
| What are the characteristics of self-esteem (reciprocal, involves risk, etc)? | confidence, good self image |
| What is communication apprehension? | the fear of communicating with other people(Speech anxiety) |
| What are the three stages of comm app? | anticipation phase:the anxiety you experience prior to giving the speech confrontation phase:the surge of anxiety you feel as you begin delivering your speech adaption phase:when you adjust and settle in during a speech |
| What is the physical "upside" to comm app? | helps focus energy, lose calories |
| What is an interpersonal relationship? | an ongoing interdependency that we carry in our minds/hearts whether the other person is present or not |
| What is trust? | the degree to which we feel safe disclosing personal information to another. The degree to which we feel confident that another person will follow through on promises or commitments made |
| What is intimacy? | the degree to which we can be our natural selves with someone and still be accepted by him/her |
| What are the different forms of intimacy? | intellectual, physical, emotional |
| What is power? | The degree of influence one has over how another person thinks, feels, behaves. |
| What are the different power relationships we discussed in class? | complementary, parallel, power struggle, principle of least interest, conflict |
| What is conflict? Is it always bad? | the perception of two or more objects are mutually exclusive: Conflict is Good. |
| What are the 5 "normal" conflict resolution styles discussed in class and how do they work? | Problem solving- look at the issue Forcing- assertive Compromising- middle ground Withdrawing- don't make a big deal about it Smoothing- giving in |
| What are the main "crazy making" conflict resolution styles we discussed in class and how do they work? | Guilt maker:not engage but make you feel quilty gunny saker:not a big deal tyrannizer:doesn't directly say something(but actions joker:everything is joke kitchen sinker;cant stay on topic withholder: silent treatment beltlinner: hit you below belt |
| If conflict cannot be resolved, what are the ways in which relationships die? | Withdrawal: avoiding situation Psuedo-de-escalation: I need time Cost escalation: more time so they terminate before you have to Vilify the other: they are bad guy Closure: sit down have conversation |
| Listening, what is it and why is it important? | give attention to someone who is speaking |
| What are the stages of listening? | attending understanding evaluating-who how where etc, attribution theory ( internal external,(Self-serving bias), stability, implicit personality theory (halo effect/revers halo effect primary regency)) |
| Be able to understand and apply some of the mental short cuts we use to help us apply meaning to what we listen to. These shortcuts include: attribution theory, self-serving bias, halo/horn effect, self-fulfilling prophecy, primacy/recency, etc. | |
| What are the various types of listening? | Pleasure-for your pleasure, dont neccesarily have to retain info Comprehension-understand what they are saying Support- support others Evaluation/critical-understand but also critiqing |
| Know and be able to explain the various things that effect how well we listen (including the speech/thought differential, auditory fatigue, listener expectations, gender, culture, etc) | |
| How can we improve our active listening skills? | giving full attention, look at them, acknowledge them, ask question do not interrupt |
| What is a small group? | Mutuality of concern/ Awareness of group membership, Interaction between members, Interdependence, Shared goals |
| Briefly explain some of the benefits and challenges to working in a small group. | interaction between members, interdependence, shared goals |
| What are common small group roles? | helper questioner authoritarian democratic info provider recorder |
| What is the difference between a rule and a norm? | Rule:a principle or regulation government conducts Norm: a standard, model, or patter regarded as typical |
| What is group think? | the practice of thinking or making decision as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility |
| What are the goals of an informative presentation? | provide increased knowledge of topic, new information for the audience, key question: what do i want my audience to know/do as a result of my speech, arose interest in topic |
| What does R+O=I mean? | relevance+originality=interest |
| What does a thesis statement do? | always declares the main purpose of the speech, may also preview main points |
| What are the five elements of an introduction? | attention getter, establish credibility relate topic to audience state thesis previe main points |
| What are some effective strategies for a strong attention getter? | startle/ shock speak directly to audience curiosity/suspense quotations humor stories |
| What is the golden rule of speech writing? | Tell Your audience what you are going to tell them about Tell it to them |
| What are the patterns of organization for informative speech/for a persuasive speech? | |
| What are the components of a conclusion for an informative speech/for a persuasive speech? | Signpost Recap of main point Relation to Audience Wham- Bam Ending |
| What are the different contexts of communication? | interpersonal communication small group communication organizational communication intercultural communication |
| What are the different modes of delivery (impromptu, etc)? | impromptu delivery extemporaneous delivery manuscript delivery memorized delivery |
| What is a speaking outline? | a brief outline to remind speaker what they are gong to say next |
| How do you cite in the speech, on the outline, and on the reference page? | full apa author title date and source |
| When you are choosing sources, how do you evaluate their worth? | bias, accuracy, relevancy, author clearly indicated, date clearly indicated, are you using a variety of sources |
| A, T, D, S! | author, title, date source |
| What are the characteristics of good delivery? Be sure to address both body language (i.e. nonverbals) and vocalics? | spontaneous, polished Body- gestures body space postures face eye contact physical appearance Vocal- vocal quality emphasis articulation pronunciation dialect regionalism |
| What should you think about when doing a comprehensive audience analysis for a speech? | backgrounds: brief summary of what listeners that don't know it quite as well listener perspectives: how will the listeners relate to the topic? what do listeners already know about topic? |
| What kinds of things can you stress or do in order to ensure that you are seen as a credible speaker on your topic? | Use personal experience in your speech |
| WHY are YOU telling US about THIS TOPIC in THIS MANNER? | |
| What are the characteristics of a good visual aid? | Credibility Increases Comprehension Enhances Memory Helps Organize Captures/ Maintains Audience Attention |
| How does culture affect language (Osgood's studies)? | it change the way we view, talk about and describe things |
| What characterizes language to use? | descriptive vivid concrete appropriate clear accuarate |
| What characterizes language to avoid? | grammatical errors slang profanity jargon regionalism |
| What do Americans fear most? | 3) Dying 2) Being physically assaulted Wallechinsky, Wallace and Wallace, 1996 |
| Three Phases to Speech Anxiety | Anticipation Phase Confrontation Phase – when you face the audience and begin speaking (elevated heart rate, perspiration, etc.) Adaptation Phase – when you adjust and settle in. --Motley (1995) |
| Fight or Flight Response: | A biological response to life’s stressors |
| The upside to Flight or Fight | Fat is removed from storage and broken down to provide energy. Communication burns calories! |
| Strategies to Cope with Communication Apprehension | I think I can, I think I can! |
| Interpersonal Relationship | An ongoing, interdependency that we carry in our minds/hearts whether the other person is present or not. |
| Dimensions of Interpersonal Relationships | Trust: The degree to which we feel safe disclosing personal information to another. The degree to which we feel confident that another person will follow through on promises or commitments made. |
| Trust Misers trust givers | Misers: not going to trust someone you dont know well Givers: you have no reason to not trust someone they havnt done anything to lose your trust |
| maintenance roles | funny guy active listener climate balancer |
| Complementary Parallel Power Struggle principle of least interest | complementary: one gives up power parellel: each has power over something power struggle: each wants power or both dosnt want power least interest:cares the least has more power |
| problem roles | negative criticizer silent observer self centered follower off tracker chatty kathy social loafer |
| t/f a vocalized pause is a positive feature of speech delivery in the us because american dislike silence | True |
| an informative speech on the architectural structure of the Eiffel tower is best organized | spatially |
| competent communication is the effective and appropriate exchange of meaning | true |
| karls was giving a speech on how to give emergency first aid. The BEST choice of dress for his presentation to ensure his credibility would be | his emergency medical technician uniform |
| there are ___ essential components to an introduction | 5 |
| orin is about 3 minutes into his speech on the rose bowl. He is feeling more confident than when he started, and his hear rate is decreasing. Orin is in the _____ stage of speech anxiety | adaption |
| communication | the process of creating or sharing meaning in informal conversation, group interaction, or public speaking |
| competent communication | the impression that communicative behavior is both appropriate and effective in a given situation |
| Edwards Black's basic assumption of communication | Discourse(what i want to say and what i actually say), Response( what I say and peoples reaction), Intention( starts in our heads). Cycle |
| 5 principles of communication | Inevitable-(facial expressions) Transactional-takes place internally and externally(judgement) Longitudinal-all communication ou have influences further communication Irreversible-once its out there you cant take it back Symbolic-gestures |
| Perception | process by which we assign meaning to sensory data |
| Self-presentation/ Impression Management | Influencing how others perceive us, how we present ourselves, do we want to put ourselves out there |
| Self-Disclosure | Primary way that we manage self-presentation and foster self-esteem |
| Characteristics of Self-Disclosure | usually occurs in small increments, moves from less personal to more personal, reciprocal, involves risk/trust, Deliberate vs Unintentional (leakage), we control (to some extent) how others perceive us, how they respond to our SD impact |
| Comm App | Apprehension everyone feels when public speaking. Physical and psychological, normal, what americans fear most, afraid of losing self-esteem, afraid of looking dumb or sounding stupid |
| What is conflict? Is it always bad? | The needs or ideas of one person are at odds or in opposition to the needs or ideas of another. No |
| Listening | the process of receiveing, contructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages |
| attribution theory | internal, external- self-serving bias |
| halo/horn effect | to generalize and perceive that a person has a whole set of characteristics when you have actually observed only one characteristic, trait, or behavior |
| self-fulfilling profecy | events that happen as the result of being foretold, expected, or talked about |
| Primary/Recency | listen to first words and last words |
| Things that affect listening | Speech-Thought Differential, Auditory Fatigue, Listener Expectations, Noise, Gender, Culture |
| How can we approve our active listening skills? | Listen for details, Listen actively, Perception Check |
| Benefits and challenges of working in a small group | Benefits: more brain power. Challenges: your opinion isn't necessarily the answer you are going with |
| What determines small group roles | ability, interest, expectations of others, assignment from leader/ other, task, necessity |
| difference between norms and rules | norms are expectation. Rules are prescribed to meet goals |
| goals of an informative speech | Provide increased knowledge of topic, arouse an interest in the topic |
| patterns of organization for informative speech | Chronological, Spatial, Topical |
| What are the patterns of organizing for informative speech? | Topical Chronological Spatical |
| patterns of organization for persuasive speeches | Issue Pro/Con Problem/Solution Monroe's Motivated Sequence |
| components of a conclusion for an informative speech | Signposts- telling audience its almost over Recap-no new info, recap what was talked about Relation to audience- why its important to them Clincher/Bang-expect grand finale |
| Merhabian formula | 38% vocal 55% body 7% context |
| Osgoods study | Word/Thought/Thing |
| Mental tricks for organization | Punctuation (dumping non-essentials) Superimposing (familiar things on unfamiliar things) Closure (fill in the blanks) |
| How conflicts end (breakups) | 1. Fade naturally 2. sudden death 3. Incremental |
| self serving bias | we attribute our successes to disposition and our failures to situations |
| Primacy/Recency | People remember the first and last thing they see - Put your strongest sale point first, close with a strong finish |
| implicit personality theory | a person's organized network of preconceptions about how certain attributes are related to one another and to behavior |
| 5 elements of an intro | Attention getter, relavance, credibility, thesis, preview |
| Transactional | takes place internally and externally (judgement) |
| What tricks do we use to help put sensory data into logical patterns? | Punctuation, Super Imposing, Closure. |
| What are the characteristics of self-esteem? | Reciprocal and involves risk |
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