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Unit 4 Chem
Organic Chemistry Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Curly arrow | movement of an electron pair to form/break a new covalent bond |
| electronegativity | measure of attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond. |
| zwitterion | dipolar ionic form of an amino acid formed by the donation of a hydrogen ion from the carboxyl group to the amino group. No overall charge |
| Isoelectric point | pH value where the amino acids exists as a zwitterion |
| Condensation polymerisation | monomers bond to form the polymer chain and water is eliminated from this reaction |
| Condensation | two small molecules react together to form a larger molecule with the elimination of a small molecule e.g. water |
| biodegradable | polymer that breaks down completely into carbon dioxide and water. |
| degradable | polymer that breaks down into smaller fragments when exposed to heat or light. |
| phase | physically distinct form of a a substance |
| mobile phase | the phase that moves in chromotography |
| stationary phase | the phase that does not move in chromotography |
| chromatography | technique used for separating components in a mixture |
| Adsorption | process by which a solid holds molecules of a gas or liquid as a thin film on the surface of a solid |
| chromatogram | visible record showing the results of separation by chromotography |
| Retention time | time taken in gas chromatography for a component to pass from the column inlet to the detector. |
| enantiomers | optical isomer |
| achiral | not an optical isomer |
| racemic mixture | contains equal amounts of both optical isomers (racemates) does not rotate light |
| stereospecific | one isomer interacts with the enzymes |
| chirality | 4 different groups, do not superimpose |
| chiral synthesis | enzyme produces one isomer |
| chiral pool sythesis | start with one stereospecific isomer resulting in pure optical drug |
| transition metal complexes | catalyses produce, one isomer |
| synthetic | both isomers, need a stronger dose, cheaper, side effects |
| Problems with synthetic | isomers difficult to separate due to the same chemical and physical properties |
| natural | one isomer, need a weaker dose, expensive, no side effects, |
| Problems with natural | enzymes are costly and time consuming |
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07blandforderin