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Cold War Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Containment | The action of keeping something harmful under control or within limits (containing Communism) |
| Marshall Plan | Economic aid to assist Europe's economy |
| Warsaw Pact | An alliance creating |
| Arms Race | Competition between nations to have the most powerful military devices |
| McCarthyism | Accused U.S. department leaders, citizens and military of being communist without evidence |
| Korean War | A conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. United Nations (led by U.S.) helped South Korea |
| President Truman | |
| President Eisenhower | Brinkmanship |
| Brinkmanship | the willingness to go to the brink of war to force an opponent to back down |
| SEATO | Southeast Treaty Organization: Includes USA, UK, France, Pakistan, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand |
| Covert Operations | eisenhower used covert operations with the CIA . operatives were assigned to spread propaganda. eisenhower began to favor using the CIA instead of the Military because covert operations didn't attract as much attention and cost much less money |
| Vietnam War | (1954-1975) a prolonged war between the communist North Vietnam, supported by the Chinese, and the non-communist South Vietnam, supported by the US |
| NATO | U.S. and 11 Western European Nations signed a collective security agreement to act together for their common defense. (Mutual Defense) |
| Berlin Blockade | Soviets cut off all access to West Berlin by blockading the roads leading to the city in hopes to force the western powers out of Berlin. |
| Berlin Airlift | Western Powers began to airlift food, clothing, coal, medicine, and other supplies into the city. |
| Truman Doctrine | Policy of economic and military aid to Turkey and Greece. |
| "Iron Curtain" | division between Western Europe and the communist Eastern Europe |
| 38th parallel | Dividing line communist North Korea and non-Communist South Korea |
| HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee) | Investigation unit that looked into communist activity in the U.S. |
| Smith Act | made it illegal for anyone to advocate "overthrowing... any government in the U.S. by force" or to "affiliate" with groups that called for this action |
| Loyalty Program | Truman ordered a Loyalty Review Board to conduct security checks on thousands of government employees. |
| Hiss Case | Nixon convicted Hiss of being a communist spy who was a former advisor of the president |
| Rosenberg Case | (1950) Ethel and Julius Rosenberg and Morton Sobell were charged and found guilty of espionage and giving atomic secrets to the Soviets during WWII. |
| Domino Theory | Communist took control of China and other nations of Southeast Asia (Worries about Communist expanding) |
| Sputnik | Soviets launched the satellite in 1957. Led to the space race |
| Eisenhower Doctrine | Trouble with Middle East led to Congress to assist any Middle Eastern nation resist Communist aggression. |
| Peaceful Coexistence | (1955) U.S., Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France met to talk about disarmament, which led to a suspension of nuclear testing. |
| U-2 Incident | Soviet Union shot down an American U-2 aircraft that was in the Soviet Territory. |
| suburbanization | areas surrounding major cities |
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | Gave "the President as commander in chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the U.S. and to prevent further aggression" |
| Guerrilla War | war fought in the jungles of Southeast Asia |
| Vietnamization | Takeover of the ground fighting by Vietnamese soldiers. |
| War Powers Act | Gave the president sweeping powers in Vietnam. (President had to notify Congress 48 hours of sending troops into a foreign country & had to bring troops home within 60 days unless both houses voted for them to stay |
| Nixon Doctrine | U.S. would no longer provide direct military protection in Asia. |
| Detente | Goal was to bring about a warming (prevent open conflict) in the cold war. |
| SALT (Strategic Arms Limitations Talks) | led to 1972 SALT Agreement: Set limits on the number of defensive missile sites and strategic offensive missiles each nation would keep. |
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vmaksym