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Chemistry
AQA AS Level Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ionisation Energy | The energy required to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of atoms in a gaseous state to form uni-positive ions. |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus (aka proton number) |
| Relative Atomic mass (Ar) | The average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account its naturally occurring isotopes, relative to 1/12 the relative atomic mass of an atom of carbon-12 |
| Relative Molecular mass (Mr) | The mass of a molecule compared to 1/12 the relative atomic mass of an atom of Carbon-12 |
| The Ideal Gas equation | PV=nRT |
| Empirical Formula | The formula that represents the simplest ratio of atoms present in a compound. |
| Molecular Formula | The actual number of atoms present in a compound |
| Atom Economy | (Mass of desired product/Total mass of reactants)x 100 |
| Percentage Yield | The number of moles/grams of a specified product / theoretical max. no. of moles/grams of the product)x 100 |
| Electronegativity | The power of an atom to attract electron density in a covalent bond towards itself |
| van der Waals | A type of intermolecular force of attraction that is caused by instantaneous dipoles and acts between all molecules and atoms |
| Dipole-Dipole Force | An intermolecular force that results from the attraction between molecules with permanent dipoles |
| Hydrogen Bonding | A type of intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom interacts with another electronegative atom |
| Intermolecular Forces | Weak forces occurring between molecules |
| Displayed Formula | This shows every atom and every bond in a molecule |
| Structural Formula | This shows the unique arrangement of atoms in a molecule in a simplified form, without showing all of the bonds |
| Chain Isomer | Isomers that have the same molecular formula but different types of chains, i.e.linear and branched |
| Positional Isomer | Isomers that arise due to different positions of side chains, substituents, functional groups, double bonds, triple bonds etc...on the parent chain |
| Structural Isomer | Having the same molecular formula but different structural arrangement |
| Homologous Series | a family of organic compounds, with the same functional group, but different carbon chain length |
| Fractional Distillation | The process of heating and separating fractions that boil over a range of different temperatures |
| Enthalpy Change | An energy (heat) change measured under stated conditions of temperature and pressure |
| Standard enthalpy of formation | The standard/average enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is formed from its constituent elements under standard conditions |
| Standard enthalpy of Combustion | The standard/average enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is burned completely in oxygen under standard conditions. |
| Standard enthalpy of a reaction | The standard/average heat energy given out of taken in as a reaction proceeds |
| Hess's Law | The enthalpy change for a chemical reaction is the same regardless of the route taken from reactants to products |
Created by:
echareloreilly
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