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Art Unit 3
Art Unit 3; Chapters 14-19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Elevated temples with symbolic mountaintops, meant to act as meeting places for heaven & earth, where priests & priestesses communicated with the gods. | Ziggurats |
| Upright stone slab decorated with inscriptions or pictorial relief carvings | Stela |
| Outlines are carved deep into the surface, and the figures are modeled within them from the surface down | Sunken Relief |
| First period of Greek art when human figures began appearing on vessels; 8th century BCE | Late Geometric Period |
| Standard form for Greek pottery- used to hold wine & served as grave markers; sometimes decorated with funeral processions | Kraters |
| Greek art of this period was more abstract and less life-like; 6th century BCE | Archaic Period |
| Nude, broad-shouldered, slim-waisted, fit young men. Placed in sanctuaries to the gods & set as grave markers in cemeteries | kouros |
| Storage vessels- naturalistic, representational art; Greek gods depicted with dazzlingly beauiful & eternally young human forms | Amphora |
| Period of Greek art, 480-323 BCE; finest of fine Greek art | Classical |
| A slight bulge in the columns to compensate for the appearance of an inward-bending visual effect | Entasis |
| Last period of Greek art, 323 BCE; marks spread of Greek culture eastward to Asia Minor, Egypt, Mesopotamia by Alexander the Great; style emphasized balance and restraint | Hellenistic Period |
| The eastern portion & Christianized continuation of the much diminished Roman Empire | Byzantine Empire (Byzantium) |
| Technique of creating a design from bits of colored glass, ceramic, or stone and fixing them into a bed of concrete | Mosiac |
| A long, rectangular, multipurpose meeting hall that could contain a lot of people | Basilica |
| Curved section on the long ends, serves as a focal point | Apse |
| Open center space that extended up high to admit light | Nave |
| Top part of the nave that has windows for light | Clerestory |
| Long hallways on both sides of the nave, divided by pillars that buttress the nave | Aisles |
| Lengthwise extensions perpendicular to the nave; forms a cross with the nave | Transept |
| A covered walkway directly in front of the church that served as an entry porch | Narthex |
| Used to transition from the round dome of the roof to the square of the building's top | Pendentives |
| A specific kind of image, either a portrait of a sacred person or a potrayal of a sacred event | Icon |
| Prevalent in NW Europe, used by migratory herdsmen | Animal Style |
| Patterns of interwoven ribbons and bands | Interlace |
| Written manuscripts furnished by monks with illustrations and decorations | Illuminated Manuscripts |
| Extended aisle around the apse designed to accomodate large crowds of people | Ambultory |
| A technique in which colored yarns are sewn to an existing woven backgrond, taking on decorative motifs or images | Embroidery |
| Large woven hangings, more valuable than paintings, hung on walls of noble and royal family homes | Tapestries |
| A set of three pictures or panels, usually hinged so that the two wing panels fold over the larger central one; often used as an altarpiece | Triptych |
| Italian for "smoke"- gentle light created in da Vinci's paintings from layers of translucent glazes, and has a hazy effect | Sfumato |
| Art of grace and sophistication, a decadent reaction against the order and balance of High Renaissance art | Mannerism |
| Means "awakened" | Buddha |
| 8 memorial mounds housing Buddha's cremated remains | Stupas |
| Geometric designs intended to symbolize the universe; means "circle" in Sanskrit | Mandala |
| Majestic curvng tower, conceived as a cosmic mountain ringed about with lesser peaks; rises over the heart of the temple, a small, dark, cave-like chamber called a garbhagriha (womb-house) | Shikhara |
| An ethical system for the management of society based on establishing correct relationships among people- children to parents, individual to society, etc. | Confuianism |
| Bringing human life into harmony with the Tao, or Way, of the Universe- a current that flows through all creation; emphasizes duality- light and dark, life and death, etc. | Taoism |
| Writing done with a brush | Calligraphy |
| Ancient Japanese earthenware sculpture | Haniwa |
| Native religion of Japan- nature and ancestor worship | Shinto |
| A slender tower with multiple roof lines, the equivalent of an Indian stupa; serves as a shrine for the buddha or saintly person | Pagoda |
| Miniature thirty-one syllable poem where men and women communicate feelings for each other indirectly | Tanka |
| Popular art used to tell stories, such as "The Burning of Sanjo Palace" or "Raigo 'welcoming approach'" | Handscroll |
| Type of Buddhism that stresses personal enlightenment through meditation, one-on-one approach with master to student that casts aside centuries of writing and scripture; meaning from chaos | Zen |
| More a set of attitudes and characteristic subjects than a style; rebelled against previous century's rationality; sought inspiration from emotion, intuition, individual experience, and imagination | Romanticism |
| Art rooted in the present, that depicts the everyday and the ordinary, rather than the historic, heroic, or the exotic; reaction to Neoclassicism & Romanticism | Realism |
| Begins with an exhibition in 1874; doesn't aim at perfection- rather it captures an impression or sensation | Impressionism |
| Artists that came after Impressionism- each had their own personal style | Post-Impressionists; Georges Seurat, Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Cezanne, Paul Gauguin |
| A scientific approach to impressionism that uses optical mixing of color; developed by Seurat | Pointillism |
| The newest, latest, most advanced art; artists going into uncharted territory, and against the resistance of conservative forces; color and form was the focus of innovation | Avant-Garde |
| French term meaning "wild beasts"; artists freed color from its supporting role in describing objects to become a fully independent expressive element | Fauvism |
| Describes any style where the artist's subjective feelings take precedence over objective observation | Expressionism |
| Merging of figure and ground, and fragmenting of forms into flat planes | Cubism; Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque |
| A protest art movement that was anti-art, as well as anti-anything that had brouhgt about the war; spontaneous, provocative, absurd, and nonsensical | Dada |
| Dream imagery, mystery of the unconcious, lure of the bizarre, irrational, and marvelous; grows from Dada, in Paris in the 1920s; inspired by Sigmund Freud's theories | Surrealism |
| Born with the belief that only the most revolutionary art could bring about a new world; one goal was to integrate art into society, which is continued by the Bauhaus | Constructivism |
| An art movement in the Netherlands inspired by Constructivism | De Stijl |
| A school of design founded in Germany in 1919; students studied varios disciplines with the goal of eliminating lines between painters, sculptors, architects, craft artists, graphic designers, and industrial designers | Bauhaus |
| Movement was inspired by three experiences: the rich heritage of Africa, the ugly legacy of slavery, and the realities of modern urban life | Harlem Renaissance |
| Artists influenced by surrealism and using the creative power of the unconcious; also engaged in painting as an act or performance | Abstract Expressionists |
| Painting that lacks a focal point and a composition, rather the painting shows the traces of the painter's creative act, his dance of creation | Action Painting |
| Imagery is reduced to a large "field" or area of color; in some cases one pure color fills the entire canvas | Color Field Painting |
| Compositions culled together from various sources, such as mass-produced images | Assemblage |
| An object found by an artist and presented with little or no alteration, as part of a work or as a finished work of art in itself | Found Objects |
| Started by Alan Kaprow; he eliminated the art object with staged art events that were theatrical in nature | Happenings |
| Pop for popular, art that draws from life, life that has been transformed into images by advertising and media | Pop Art |
| Art that offers a pure and honest aesthetic experience instead of trying to influence people through images or transmit the ego of the artist through self-expression | Minimalism |
| Photography replaced sketching as the primary way of gathering information, and the resulting photograph became the subject of the painting; the painting is based on the photo, but can give an all-over sharpness that photographs can't | Photorealism |
| Art based on a concept or idea; the idea is paramount and the form that realizes the idea is secondary | Conceptual Art |
| Art that enters into the natural world and participates in its changes; the participation in natural processes is part of the art | Earthworks |
| Refers to the artistic recyling of existing images | Appropriation |
| Paint manipulated freely as a sensuous material in order to make a recognizable image | Neo-Expressionist |
| Where is the geographic origin of Western Art? | Around the Mediterranean Sea |
| The oldest known work of art, from approximately 30,000 BCE, is a fertility image called? | Venus of Willendorf |
| Know the art associated with the different periods of ancient Greece | Late Geometric Period- Kraters Archaic Period- kouros and amphora Classial Period- lots of bronze sculptures and the Parthenon Hellenistic Period- more female sculptures, and reactions to events were shown |
| Know the art associated with ancient Rome | Depictions of individuals instead of types of people, excellent realism in portrait busts of ordinary citizens |
| What did the Romans invent? | Equestrian Portrait |
| Parts of the Roman basilica | Apse, Nave, Clerestory, Aisles, Transept, Narthex |
| Byzantine art often used mosaics- what did it depict? | Images of an eternal heavenly kingdom, the eternal and sacred world of the spirit, icons |
| Characteristics of Renaissance art | Observation of the natural world, effects of lighting (chiaroscuro), linear perspective, atmospheric perspective |
| What does the term “Renaissance” mean? | "Rebirth" |
| Dates of the High Renaissance | 1500 CE- 1525 CE |
| Characteristics of Northern Renaissance art | Intuitive perspective from observation, everyday subject matter, precise rendering of outer appearances (light on velvet), meticulous obsrvation |
| Know the innovations of Gothic Architecture | Pointed arch, more windows, flying buttresses, piers |
| Know art associated with Indian, Chinese, and Japanese culture | India- stupas, mandala, illustrated books, manusript paintings China- bronze vessels, terracotta soldiers, jade lacquer, ivory, horse shows qi Japan- haniwa, pagoda, tanka, handscroll, woodblock prints |
| Who was Modern Art’s audience? | The new middle class and leaders of finance and industry |
| What are the three revolutions that started the Modern era? | French Revolution, American Revolution, and Industrial Revolution |
| What types of art developed during modernism? | Neoclassicism- depicts history (great art only from great subject matter) Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Dada, Surrealism, |
| What tendencies are depicted in Impressionistic painting? | Landscape and leisure activities of middle class; dappled, shifting light; palette lacks black; fluid brushwork with colored shadows; brighter palette and direct paint application |
| Who's one of the artists associated with the Harlem Renaissance? | Aaron Douglas- developed geometric symbolism (flattened space, limited pallette), influenced by stylized West African masks and modern European art masters |
| What’s the first Post-WWII art movement in Western art? | Abstract Expressionism |
| What does Romanticism depict? | Awe-inspiring/ mysterious landscapes, picturesque ruins, tumultous human events, struggle for liberty, and exotic cultures |
Created by:
Momo88