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Urban Patterns
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Annexation | Is the process of legally adding area to a city |
| Census Tract | Divides urban areas (contain about 5000 residents and corresponds where possible neighborhood boundaries) |
| concentric zone model | Explains the distribution of different social groups within urban cities (a city grows outward a central ring in a series of concentric rings) |
| consolidated metropolitan statistical area | Two adjacent MSAs with overlapping commuting patterns are combined into CMSA |
| council of government | A cooperative agency consisting of representatives of the various local governments in the region |
| density gradient | A type of density change in an urban area |
| edge city | In a peripheral model, edge cities are around beltways and are nodes of consumer and business services |
| filtering | This is known as the process of subdivision of homes and occupancy by successive waves of lower- income people |
| gentrification | The process in which middle-class people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing |
| greenbelt | Rings of open space |
| metropolitan statistical area | A method of measuring the functional area of a city (MSA) |
| multiple nuclei model | A city is a complex structure that has more than one center around which activities are clustered |
| peripheral model | A model that shows an urban city consists of a inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road |
| primary metropolitan statistical area | An MSA within a CMSA which exceeds 1 million population may be classified as this |
| public housing | Reserved for low-income households who must pay 30% of their income for rent. A housing authority establishes the building |
| redlining | Drawing lines on a map to identify areas in which they (banks) will refuse to loan money |
| rush hour | the four consecutive 15- minute periods that have the heaviest traffic |
| sector model | The second theory of urban structure which was made in 1939 by Homer Hoyt |
| smart growth | Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland |
| sprawl | Is the progressive spread of development over the landscape |
| squatter settlement | is made by a group of people who move together onto land outside the city that is owned by private individual/government |
| underclass | Inner-city residents frequently are referred to as a permanent underclass because they are trapped in an unending cycle of economic and social problems |
| urbanization | The process by which the population of cities grows (two dimensions: an increase in the number of people and an increase of percentage of people) |
| urbanized area | Consists of a central city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs where population density exceeds 1,000 people per square mile. |
| zoning ordinance | encouraged spatial separation |
| blockbusting | As early as 1900, real estate agents and developers encouraged affluent white property owners to sell their homes and businesses at a loss by stoking fears that their neighborhoods were being overtaken by black people/ other races. |
| Central Place Theory | A theory formulated by Walter Christler that explains the size and distribution of cities in terms of competitive supply of goods and services |
| Beaux Art | The movement within city planning and urban design that stressed the marriage of older and classical forms with newer and industrial ones. |
| Exurbanite | Person who has left the inner city and moved to outlying suburbs or rural areas |
| Gateway Cities | Cities that, because of their geographic location, act as ports of entry |
| Ghettoization | A process occurring in many inner cities in which they became dilapidated centers of poverty, as whites move out to suburbs and immigrants and people of color are left |
| Gentrification | The trend of middle- and upper-income |
| Hinterland | The market area surrounding an urban center, which that and urban center serves. |
| action space | the geographical area that contains the space an individual interacts with on a daily basis |
| Central Business district | THe downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated. |
| city beautiful movement | Movement in environmental design that drew directly from the beaux arts school. Created urban spaces that conveyed a sense of morality and civic pride |
| Forward Capital | A capital city placed in a remote or peripheral area for economic, strategic, or symbolic reason |
| Gentrification | The trend of middle and upper income americans moving into the city centers and rehabilitating much of the architecture but also replacing low- income populations, and changing the social character of certain neighborhoods. |
| nodes | Geographical centres of activity. A large city has many of these |
| Rank-Size Rule | Rule that states that the population of any given town should be inversely proportional to its rank in the country’s hierarchy when the distribution of cities according to their sizes follows a certain pattern. |
Created by:
seungmeekim