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Roosevelt Acc Chem
Review of terms from second semester
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The reactant that determines the amount of product formed is called | the limiting reactant |
| When you determine theoretical yield you do a/an | calculation |
| When you determine the actual yield you do a/an | experiment |
| Which is generally greater, the actual yield or theoretical yield? | theoretical |
| Standard temperature and pressure is | 1 atm and 0 C. |
| For gas law problems, temperature must be in ______________ | Kelvin |
| What are the 4 variables that describe a gaseous system? | pressure, volume, temperature, amount (moles or mass) |
| Pressure and amount of gas are _______________ related. | directly |
| Temperature and volume are ________________ related. | directly |
| Pressure and volume are __________________ related. | inversely |
| What are intermolecular forces (IMF)? | forces between molecules or particles |
| London dispersion force | temporary dipole created by electron cloud repulsion |
| Dipole-Dipole force | force between 2 polar molecules with permanent polar ends |
| Hydrogen bonding | force created when a hydrogen is directly attached to N, O, or F. |
| List the 3 IMF in order of weakest to strongest | London dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding |
| As the IMF of a substance becomes stronger, the melting point and boiling points of the substance become HIGHER OR LOWER | HIGHER |
| TRUE OR FALSE: A substance can have all 3 types of IMF. | TRUE |
| Define solute | the substance being dissolved |
| Define solvent | the substance doing the dissolving |
| What 3 factors affect the rate of dissolving? | temperature, surface area of the solute, stirring |
| What types of compounds are soluble in water? | polar covalent or ionic |
| What does "like dissolves like" mean? | substances that are alike in polarity or IMF will dissolve each other |
| What happens when you add more crystals to a saturated solution? | they sink to the bottom of the container |
| What happens when you add more crystals to an unsaturated solution? | they dissolve |
| What happens when you add more crystals to a supersaturated solution? | the solution crystalizes into a solid |
| The solubility of most solid substances INCREASES OR DECREASES as temperature increases. | INCREASES |
| The solubility of gases INCREASES OR DECREASES as temperature increases. | DECREASES |
| Pressure changes the solubility of _____________ and ______________. | gases and liquids |
| Molarity describes the | concentration of solutions |
| Units for molarity | moles/liter |
| What do colligative properties depend on? | the concentration or number of particles |
| What happens to the boiling point of water when a solute is added? | increases (boiling point elevation) |
| What happens to the freezing point of water when a solute is added? | decreases (freezing point depression) |
| A substance that breaks into ions in a solution to carry an electrical change is called a/an ___________________. | electrolyte |
| A substance that doesn't ionize in water (doesn't break apart) is called a/an __________________. | non-electrolyte |
| Chemical equilibrium is when | the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction |
| A double arrow signifies a _______________ reaction. | reversible |
| A single arrow signifies a _______________ reaction. | completion |
| The formation of a precipitate of the formation of a gas in a open container are both ________________ reactions. | completion |
| The equilibrium constant (Keq) is a ratio of | products to reactants (excluding solids and liquids) |
| If Keq is greater than one PRODUCTS OR REACTANTS are favored. | PRODUCTS (or forward reaction) |
| If Keq is less than one PRODUCTS OR REACTANTS are favored. | REACTANTS (or reverse reaction) |
| What type of substances are Ksp written for? | insoluble or slightly soluble |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Ksp uses the same rules as Keq> | TRUE |
| What do we call H30+? | hydronium ion |
| TRUE OR FALSE: H+ is the same as H30+ | TRUE |
| Define Arrhenius acid | ionizes into H+ |
| Define Bronsted-Lowry acid | Proton donor |
| Define Arrhenius base | ionizes into OH- |
| Define Bronsted-Lowry base | Proton acceptor |
| When dealing with acid-base pairs, an acid has a conjugate _________. | base |
| When dealing with acid-base pairs, a base has a conjugate __________. | acid |
| Strong acids or bases ionize ________________. | completely or 100% |
| Weak acids or bases ionize __________________. | partially |
| Substances with a pH less than 7 are _________. | acids |
| Substances with a pH greater than 7 are ____________. | bases |
| Substances with a pH of 7 are called ________________. | neutral |
| A method for finding the concentration of a solution by reacting a known volume of the solution with a solution of known concentration is called __________________. | titration |
| The point in a titration where the moles of acid are equal to the moles of base is called the _____________________. | equivalence point |
| The point in a titration where the indicator changes color is called the _______________________. | end point |
| At the equivalence point in the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, the pH will be _______________. | 7 |
| The long glass tube with graduated markings that is used in a titration is called a __________________. | buret |
| When a strong acid and strong base react to form an ionic salt and water we call this reaction a __________________ reaction | neutralization |
| The standard solution in a titration is the solution for which the concentration is KNOWN OR UNKNOWN. | KNOWN |
| In order for a reaction to occur, the reactants must _________________ with enough ________________ and the correct ____________________. | collide energy orientation |
| When reactants collide with enough energy and the correct orientation, a/an _____________________ is formed which can then form a product. | activated complex |
| The amount of energy needed for an effective collision is called __________________ energy. | activation |
| In an exothermic reaction, the energy of the products is HIGHER OR LOWER than the energy of the reactants. | LOWER |
| In an endothermic reaction, the energy of the products is HIGHER OR LOWER than the energy of the reactants. | HIGHER |
| How does increasing the temperature affect the rate of a chemical reaction? | It increases the energy of the collisions. |
| How does increasing the concentration affect the rate of a chemical reaction? | It increases the number of collisions. |
| How does stirring affect the rate of a chemical reaction? | It increases the number of collisions. |
| How does adding a catalyst affect the rate of a chemical reaction? | It lowers activation energy or gives and alternate energy pathway |
| How does increasing the surface area affect the rate or a chemical reaction? | It increases the number of collision places. |
| Enthalpy is | heat (delta H) |
| Entropy is | disorder (delta S) |
| TRUE OR FALSE: In nature things become more organized. | FALSE |
| Spontaneous reactions: (positive or negative) delta G is delta H is delta S is | negative negative positive |
| Reactions that are never spontaneous: (positive or negative) delta G is delta H is delta S is | positive positive negative |
Created by:
JKSW2014
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