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Physics Assessment
Physics Test on Electricity
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Electrostatics | The study of electric charge at rest (not in motion, as in electric current) |
| Conservation of charge | Electric charge is neither created nor destroyed. The total charge before an interaction equals the total charge after |
| Coulomb's law | The relationship between electrical force, charge, and distance. If the charges are alike in sign, the force is repulsive; if the charges are unlike, the force is attractive |
| Coulomb | The SI unit of electrical charge. One coulomb is equal to the total charge of 6.25 x 10^18 electrons |
| Conductor | Any material having free charged particles that easily flow through it when an electric force acts on them |
| Insulator | A material without free charged particles and through which charge does not easily flow |
| Semiconductor | A material with properties that fall between a conductor and an insulator and whose resistance can be affected by adding impurities |
| Superconductor | A material that is a perfect conductor with zero resistance to the flow of electric charge |
| Charging by Contact | Transfer of electric charge between objects by rubbing or simple touching |
| Charging by Induction | Redistribution of electric charges in and on objects caused by the electrical influence of a charged object close by but not in contact |
| Electrically Polarized | Term applied to an atom or molecule in which the charges are aligned so that one side has a slight excess of positive charge and the other side a slight excess of negative charge |
| Electric field | Defined as electric force per unit charge, it can be considered to be an "aura" surrounding charged objects and is a storehouse of electric energy.About a charged point, the field decreases with distance according to the inverse-square law |
| Electric potential energy | The energy a charged object possesses by virtue of its location in an electric field |
| Electric potential | The electric potential energy per unit of charge, measured in volts, and often called voltage |
| Capacitor | An electrical device that stores electric charge and energy |
| Electric Current | the flow of electric charge that transports energy from one place to another |
| Electrical Resistance | The property of a material that resists electric current. Measure in ohms |
| Ohm's Law | The statement that the current in a circuit varies in direct proportion to the potential difference or voltage across the circuit and inversely with the circuit's resistance |
| Direct Current | Electrically charged particles flowing in only one direction |
| Alternating current | Electrically charged particles that repeatedly reverse direction, vibrating about relatively fixed positions |
| Series Circuit | An electric circuit in which electrical devices are connected along a single wire such that the same electric current exists in all of them |
| Parallel Circuit | An electric circuit in which electrical devices are connected in such a way that you only have to go through one to complete the circuit and if one load goes out, the circuit will still work |
| What are the three main forms of transferring charge? | Friction, induction, and conduction |
| What are the Laws of Static Electricity? | Like charges repel, opposite charges attract, and neutral objects are attracted to charged objects |
| What are examples of insulators? | rubber, wood, concrete, foam, cotton, wool, silk, glass |
| What are examples of conductors? | salt water, platinum, copper, iron |
| Electroscope | A device that determines if an object is charged or not |
| How do you shield an object? | By surrounding object with material you can charge |
| When do electrons flow? | When there is a potential difference |
| Through what pathway in the body will a current do the most damage? | Through the heart |
| Which has less resistance thick or thin wires? | Thick wires |
| Which has less resistance wet or dry fingers? | Wet fingers |
| Which has less resistance warm or cool wires? | Cool wires |
| (Calculator) A circuit that contains 100 ohms resistance has a current of two amperes. What is the applied voltage? | 200 Volts |
| (Calculator) A circuit has an applied voltage of 200 volts that causes a 50 mA current to flow. What is the circuit resistance? | 4000 Ohms |
| (Calculator) If applied voltage is 400 volts and resistance is 20,000 Ohms, what is the value of I? | .02 Amperes |
| Electrical charge can be _____ or _____ | negative, positive |
| The _____ charge comes from _____ in the atom | negative, electrons |
| _____ charges repel and _____ charges attract | like, opposite |
| The attraction between 2 objects depends on what 2 things according to Coulomb's law? | Size of the charge and the distance |
| Why are Superconductors important? | When cooled to very low temperatures, electrical resistance disappears |
| The arrows used to draw electric fields point _____ from a positive object and _____ for a negative object | outward, inward |
| The number of arrows in an electric field show the _____ of the field and the arrows indicate the _____. As the arrows move farther apart, the field becomes _____ | strength, charge, weaker |
| Why can't we shield from gravity? | Gravity only attracts and there are no repelling parts of gravity to offset attracting parts |
| Van De Graaff Generator | A laboratory instrument that builds up a charge |
| What are the four parts of a circuit? | Source, switch, load, and wires |
| Batteries, generators, and power plants are all examples of _____ _____ | Voltage sources |
| __________ opposes the flow of charge | Electrical resistance |
| What really does the damage in an electric shock? | The current |
| How many Amperes does it take before your heart can contract and eventually lead to death? | .065 Amps |
| From where does direct current usually come from? (example) | A battery |
| What are the benefits to a series circuit? | They are simple and do not use a lot of wire=cheap |
| What are the drawbacks to a parallel circuit? | They are costly to make and are complicated |
| How do short circuits form? | When an electric current goes through a circuit and does not meet any resistance in the form of loads or resistors. |
| Why are short circuits so dangerous? | When a short circuit receives no resistance, the circuit may overheat and melt which could cause severe burns |
Created by:
mattneider