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OMT Review
Savarese High Yield
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A Somatic Dysfunction can present as? (TART) | Tissue texture changes, Asymmetry, Restriction (pathologic barrier), Tenderness |
| What are the different barriers? | Physiologic - patient can move jt Anatomic - passive movement Pathologic - before the physiological barrier preventing motion at that joint. |
| What are the findings in Acute somatic dysfunction? | T: edema, erythematous, hypertonic A: present R: present and painful T: severe, sharp |
| What are the findings in Chronic somatic dysfunction? | T: cool, dry, decreased m. tone, ropy, fibrotic A: present with compensation in other areas R: present, decreased, or no pain T: Dull ache |
| Fryette's Law 1: | TONGO if spine is in neutral side bending and rotation are opposite |
| Fryette's Law 2: | spine flexed or extended then rotation and side bending are in the same direction, usually applies to one segment |
| What areas do Fryette's Principles Apply to? | Only Thoracic and Lumbar spine, not the cervical vertebrae |
| Nelson's or the 3 law? | motion at any vertebral segment modifies the ability of the segment in other planes. |
| Naming somatic dysfunction of vertebrae what is the rule? | always refer to vertebrae above the joint. L2-L3 motion of L2 on L3. L2Dx |
| In the thoracic and lumbar spine a PTP indicates what? | Rotational component |
| What is the orientation of the superior facets in the cervical region? | BUM Backward, Upward, Medial Bumble BM |
| What is the orientation of the superior facets in the thoracic region? | BUL Backward, Upward, Lateral |
| What is the orientation of the superior facets in the Lumbar region? | BM Backward, Medial |
| Muscle Contraction categories (5) | Isotonic: no change in force muscle shortens Isometric: increase tension no muscle movement Isolytic: contracting against resistance, forcing muscle to lengthen Concentric Contraction: contraction causing muscle to shorten Eccentric: Lengthening musc |
| For the following state Direct/Indirect Active/Passive: Myofacial Release | Both Both |
| For the following state Direct/Indirect Active/Passive: Counterstrain | Indirect Passive |
| For the following state Direct/Indirect Active/Passive: Facilitated Positional Release | Indirect Passive |
| For the following state Direct/Indirect Active/Passive: Muscle Energy | Direct Active |
| For the following state Direct/Indirect Active/Passive: HVLA | Direct Passive |
| For the following state Direct/Indirect Active/Passive: Cranial | Both Passive |
| For the following state Direct/Indirect Active/Passive: Lymphatic | Direct Passive |
| For the following state Direct/Indirect Active/Passive: Chapmans | Direct Passive |
| Cervical main motion and SB/Rotation? OA | Flexion and Extension, opposite sides |
| Cervical main motion and SB/Rotation? AA | Rotation, opposite sides |
| Cervical main motion and SB/Rotation? C2-C4 | Rotation, same sides |
| Cervical main motion and SB/Rotation? C5-C7 | Side bending, same sides |
| Give the insertions of the scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) | anterior and middle insert onto rib 1, posterior inserts onto rib 2. Elevate respective ribs in inhalation. |
| Where do cervical nerves exit? | upper 7 exit above their respective vertebrae. |
| Sternocleidomastoid is involved in what pathological process if continually shortened? | Torticollis |
| Where are the spinous processes of the following vertebrae? T1-T3 | Rule of Threes At the level of the corresponding TP |
| Where are the spinous processes of the following vertebrae? T4-6 | one half a segment below the corresponding TP |
| Where are the spinous processes of the following vertebrae? T7-9 | located at the level of the transverse process below |
| Where are the spinous processes of the following vertebrae? T10-T12 | T10: below T11: half T12: same level |
| What is the main motion of the thoracic spine? | Rotation |
| What are the atypical ribs? | They have 1s and 2s Rib 1, Rib 2, Rib 11, Rib 12 Typical ribs 1) tubercule 2) Head 3) Neck 4) Angle 5) Shaft |
| Which ribs are false or floating ribs? | Ribs 1-7 are true ribs attach through costal cartilage true, 8-12 are false all attach through costal cartilage of rib 7. |
| What is the motion of ribs 1-5? | Primarily pump handle |
| What is the motion of ribs 6-10? | Primarily bucket handle |
| What is the motion of ribs 11, 12 | Primarily caliper motion |
| What are the diagnostic findings of Inhalation Dysfunction? | Pump: anterior elevation Bucket: lateral elevation |
| What are the diagnostic findings of Exhalation Dysfunction? | Pump: anterior depression Bucket: lateral depression |
| What are the key ribs to treat? | Inhalation treat inferior rib, Exhalation treat superior rib |
| What are the primary muscles of respiration? What are the secondary? | Primary: Diaphragm, Intercostals Secondary: Scalenes, Pectoralis Minor, Serratus Anterior and Posterior, Quadratus Lumborum, Latissumus Dorsi |
| Where do the spinal nerves exit in the thoracic and lumbar region? | Intervertebral foramen below its corresponding level, spinal cord terminates at L1, L2 |
| Define Spina Bifida Occulta | No herniation through the defect, only physical sign is a patch of hair over the defect, rarely associated with neurological deficits |
| Define Spina Bifida Meningocele | Herniation of the meninges through the defect |
| Spina Bifida Meningomyelocele | Herniation of the meninges and nerves through the defect |
| What is the main motion of the Lumbar spine | Flexion and Extension |
| In Psoas syndrome there is an association with what lumbar dysfunction? | Nonneutral L1 and L2 |
| Define Spondylolithesis? | Anterior displacement of one vertebrae in relation to the one below, usually due to fracture of pars intrarticularis |
| Define Spondylolysis? | Defect of the pars intrarticularis without anterior displacement, oblique xray will show scottie dog |
| Define Spondylosis? | Radiographic changes of the intervertebral disks and ankylosing adjacent vertebrae. |
| Somatic Dysfunction of the lumbosacral spine: | |
| Herniated Nucleus Pulposus: | |
| Psoas Syndrome: | |
| Spinal Stenosis: | |
| Spondylolistesis: | |
| Spondylolysis: | |
| Spondylosis: | |
| Cauda Equina Syndrome: | |
| A herniated disk most likely affects which nerve root in the lumbar region? | The vertebrae below |
| Side bent left scoliosis to the right? | Dextroscoliosis |
| Side bent to right and scoliosis to the left? | Levioscoliosis |
| What is the cobb angle, what values indicate mild, moderate, severe scoliosis? | method of measurement using Xray, mild 5-15 mod 20-45, severe >50. Respiratory problems if >50 Cardiac problems if >75 |
| What are the guidelines for heel lifts to correct short leg syndrome? | 1) applied to short leg 2) final height of lift should be 1/2 or 3/4 measured discrepency 3) in 'fragile' arthritic patients 1/16 or 1.5 mm every 2 wks. 4) flexable pt 1/8 3.2 mm 2wks 5) max 1/4 in shoe 6) max 1/2 if > need full sole pelvic rot |
| What divides the greater and lesser sciatic foramen? | Sacrospinous ligament |
Created by:
astaller