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Chapt 15 8th Grd Sci
Classification of Matter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of matter and how it is affected by energy | Chemistry |
| The study of energy and how it effects matter | Physics |
| Anything that has mass and takes up space | Matter |
| Into what 2 main categories can matter be classified? | Pure Substances and Mixtures |
| A substance made up of only one type of atom | Element |
| A substance made up of two or more elements; cannot be easily separated | Compound |
| A substance made up of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means | Mixture |
| The prefix hetero means _______ | different |
| The prefix homo means ______ | the same |
| What type of mixture contains substances that are unequally dispersed throughout? | heterogeneous |
| What type of mixture is made up of substances equally dispersed throughout? | homogeneous |
| Separation of a solid dissolved in a liquid by weight as it moves up something | Chromatography (Inks separated on paper) |
| Separation of liquids by pouring off the “lighter” one | Decanting (oil and water) |
| Separation of liquids with different boiling points by boiling one and condensing is in another vessel | Distillation (alcohol and water) |
| Separation of a solid from a liquid | Evaporation or Boiling |
| Separation of an undissolved solid and a liquid | Filtering |
| Separation of a magnetic solid from other materials | Magnetism |
| Separation of solids of different sizes | Sieving or Screening |
| A heterogeneous mixture with larger particles that never settle | Colloid |
| What keeps the large particles in colloids from settling? | The constant random motion (Brownian motion) of smaller particles within the colloid keeps them suspended. |
| What occurs within colloids because of the larger particles? | The Tyndall Effect; a scattering of light as it passes through a colloid and strikes the larger particles |
| A heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid from which visible particles settle out | suspension (Italian dressing, muddy water) |
| A homogenous mixture is also called this | A solution |
| A solution contains two parts: _______ & _______ | The solute and the solvent |
| This is the solid that dissolves to create a solution | The solute |
| This is the liquid into which the solid dissolves | The solvent |
| Characteristic of a substance which can be observed without changing its identity. | Physical Property |
| What are some physical properties? | Color shape, size, texture, luster, state of matter, magnetism, ductility viscosity, heat conduction, electrical conduction, freezing or boiling points |
| Into what two categories do physical properties fall? | Appearance and Behavior |
| A change in a substance’s size, shape, or state of matter without changing its identity | Physical change. |
| A change of a substance into one or more other substances | Chemical change |
| List some signs of a chemical change | heat or cold, light produced, electricity released, gas made, precipitate formed, definite color change, new substance(s) formed |
| Characteristics of a substance indicating that it can change chemically (to a different substance) | Chemical properties |
| When a substance undergoes a chemical change, we say it has ________ | reacted (undergone a chemical reaction) |
| What are some chemical properties? | Flammability, Combustibility, Corrosive |
| State the Law of Conservation of Matter | In a closed system, the mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances after the change. |
| Physical and chemical changes to the Earth’s surface over a long period of time | Weathering |
| What causes weathering? | Earthquakes, runoff, acid rain, among many other things |
| What is the reaction of oxygen in a flame test? | A glowing split relights |
| What is the reaction of hydrogen in a flame test? | A lit splint “barks” explosively |
| What is the reaction of Carbon dioxide (CO2) in a flame test? | A lit splint goes out. |
Created by:
judi829
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