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Music ROM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ______ Revolution, 1825-1850 | French |
| Slogan of French Rev | Liberty, equality and Fraternity |
| Works of art were centered around _____ during the french rev | peasants, woman, and children |
| Poets and artists turned to | passionate and fanciful works |
| These artists were pessimistic, blue and felt alone and showed it in their work, very expressive and individualized | Bohemian |
| Valves were added to brass instruments, castiron frames and thicker strings for piano | industrial rev |
| orchestral size in the romantic era | increased which expanded dynamic range |
| music moved from the palace and churches to | concert halls |
| Nationalism, _____, and exotic subjects were used | folklore |
| music style where rhym and melodies express feelings of foriegn lands | exoticism |
| memorable melodies, lyricism, expressive harmony, expanded forms, chromaticism, an dissonance were all | rom style traits |
| rise of the ______ soloist and ______ music making | virtuoso, amateur |
| public _____ halls and ______ were built | concert, salons |
| idea that the ____ and ______ were equal | musician and audience |
| could hear music anywhere not just in the | palace |
| means of intimate personal expressive in the 19th century | art song |
| almost every home had a | piano |
| form of song same melody is repeated with each stanza | strophic form |
| form of song no repitions, music follows storyline | through-composed form |
| form of song that has both strohpic form and through-composed form | modified strophic form |
| german art song, had a solo voice with piano accom | lied, lieder |
| fusion of poem and music | art song |
| Main composers of the lied | Schubart, Schumanns, Mendelssohn, and Brahms |
| Group of lider (german) (unified by storyline), around love and nature | song cycle |
| Rom poets | Johann Wolfgang con Geothe, Heinrich Heine |
| Population of the piano in households | increased |
| was suitable for amateur and professionals | piano |
| Viennesse composer, early musical prowess, Famous vienna choirboy in youth | Franz Schubert |
| Was very socially shy, gifted songwriter, had home and salon concerts, small group of friends who organized them called the ______, had regional fame and death at an early age of 31 from syphilles | Franz Schubert, schubertiads |
| used classical and romantic traits, his chamber music was example of late classicalism, piano works exhibit new lyricism, 600+ songs, 9 sym, 7 masses, operas, chamber music, 900 total works | Franz Schubert |
| This work brought schubert fame, the poet was geothe, had a piano established atmosphere, had four characters- narrator, son, father, erlking, one singer did all 4 characters, was through composed, used triplets in piano | Erlking - "Elf King" |
| german composer and critic, "The new journal of music" Married Clara Wieck in 1840 against her fathers wishes, clara was an interpreter | Robert Schumann |
| went through periods of depression, finally breakdown and institutionalized and died at 46 | Robert Schumann |
| Impassionate melodies, novel harmonies, driving rhym, worte 4 sym, literacy meanings in music, wrote several song cycles and lieder | Robert Schumann |
| Robert Schumann's song cycle, built on 16 poems, psychological progression, First dong in the cycle "In the lovely month of may" which is a lied from the song cycle | "A poets love" |
| This song cycle speaks of fragility of new love, used strophic form, with solo voice and piano | "A poets love" |
| inst for home use, favorite inst of virtuosos, after its technical improvements | piano |
| american manufacturor piano, first seen at a paric exhibit in 1886 | steinway |
| the ____ paino was made in the rom period | grand |
| an example of an art song for the piano | short lyrical piano piece |
| equivalent to the song, had a prelude, intermezzo, impromptu | short lyrical piano piece |
| Examples of this included the Mazurka, polonaise, waltz, scherzo all very dance related | short lyrical piano pieces |
| explored technical resources and capacity for expression of the piano, Romantic ideal of "Song without words" | masters of the lyrical piano piece |
| French/polish composer and pianist, career in paris grew up in poland and moved to paris | Frederic Francais Chopin |
| Close friends with leading composers, artisits, poets and writers esp George Sand (Aurore Dadevant had an affair with chopin) | Chopin |
| Died with TB at age 39, most of his music was centered on the piano, wrote smaller forms like nocturnes, preludes, impromtus, waltzes, mazurkas, and etudes | Chopin |
| he wrote larger forms like ballades, sonatoes, polonaises, fantaises, and piano concertos | Chopin |
| Chopins piece, Was one of a set of 4, lively triple meter dance, with accents on 2nd and 3rd beat | Marzuka in B-flat minor |
| originated in chopin's home Mazovia poland | Mazurka |
| had a younger brother named felix, discouraged from pursuing a career in music, continued to perform at home residence only, some works were published | Fannie Mendelssohn Hensel |
| Died of stroke in 1847, had one son with hensel, felix her brother dies six months after her | Fannie Mendelssohn Hensel |
| Primary works were vocal works, lieder and piano music, wrote piano trio, and string quartet, most compositions were intended for sunday residence performances at her house, used contrapuntal devices similar to bach | Fannie Mendelssohn Hensel |
| music publications in early America were mostly _____ in nature, wirtten in ______ form | devotional, shape note |
| Americas 1st great classical pianist and composer | Louis Moreau Gotsschalk |
| known for palor ballads, show tunes, and plantation songs | stephen foster |
| Americas 1st great songwriter, born in PENN, moved to CIn, wrote music for minstrels in addition to parlor songs that conveyed emotion of african slaves | Stephen foster |
| Wrote "Oh susanna" "Swany River" "Camptown Races" | Stephen Foster |
| Died at age of 37 in new york, from a fall in hotel room, was an alcholic after wife left him | Stephen Foster |
| Was one of the 1st americans to make a living on song writing, songs evoke themes of lost youth and happiness, wrote "My old kentucky home", his inspiration for "Jeanie with he light brown hair" was his wife, tone is bittersweet, originally named "Jennie" | Stephen Foster |
| Instrument music with literary or picture association | program music |
| pure music, no literary or picture association, music for music's sake | absolute music |
| became popular in the 19th century when music began to connect to politics of the time, ex - Berlioz 'Withces Sabbath" | Program music |
| An example of this is Brahms Sym, No 1, IV | Absolute music |
| 4 types of program music | Concert overture, incidental music, program sym, symphonic poem/tone poem |
| single movement concert piece for orchestra, based on literary idea, not an opera | concert overture |
| consists of overture and pieces to be played between acts of a play "Film music" | Incidental music |
| multimovement orchestra work | program sym |
| one movement for orchestra, contrasting sections develop a poetic idea, may be creating a mood or sugesting a scene, differs from overture in form | symphonic poem, tone poem |
| French composer and conductor, lived in paris and "young france" Loved the works of BEE and Shake, fell in love with shake actress he eventually married her | Hector Berlioz |
| Strove to win the Prix de Rome, eventually won it in 1830 | Hector Berlioz |
| Favored program music, wrote inst. prog music like prog. sym and concert overtures, wrote vocal music like operas and sacred works, used huge forces, known for his orchestiran | Hector Berlioz |
| Known to some as the "Creator of the Modern Orchestra" | Hector Berlioz |
| Hector berlioz's sym. was a program sym, based on his personal life and his troubles and love dispair, wrote at the age of 27 | "Symphonie Fantastique' |
| Had 5 movements - known has idee fixe, 1 - reveries and passions, 2 - a ball, 3 - scene in fields, 4 - march to scaffold, 5 - dream of withces sabbath | "Symphonie Fantastique' |
| had two main themes, was in a minor key used a large orchestra | "Symphonie Fantastique' |
| part of witches sabbath | Dies Irae |
| inclusion of folk dances, references to folklore or peasant life, operas/programs were focused on national hero, historic events, scienic beauty of land | nationalism |
| this was used by some countries to allow for only good speaking of their country | censorship |
| used a lot of powerful symbolism | nationalism |
| Czech Nationalist, was the 1st ______ composer, early music studies in Prague in tenns | Bedrich Smetona, bohemian |
| Cycle of symphonic poems "My County (Mavlast)", his health declined from syphilis and he grew deaf | Bedrich Smetona, |
| The second sym of My County (Mavlast), music suggests scenes along the shore of a river, flutes - bubbling springs (streams), French horns - hunt, brass - a castle along the river | The Moldau |
| Scandinavian nationalist, attended Liepzig conservatory (Germany), influenced by Felix Mendelssohn and robert schumann | edvard Grieg |
| Returned to norway to promote scan music through an acadmey he founded, wrote sym's but preferred smale scale works including songs, worte piano works - a concerto, arrangements of nor fold tunes` | Edvard Grieg |
| Collaborated with playwright Henrik Ibsen to write music for Ibsen's "peer gynt" based on norweign folklore, premiered in norway in 1876 | Edvard Grieg |
| "Morning mood" and "In the hall of the mountain king" were pieces from Edvard Grieg's | "Peer Gynt" |
| Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka was a nationalist from | Russia |
| Mily Balakiriev, Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui, Nikolai Rimsky - Koraskov, and Modest Mosorgsky made up the ______ from ______ | Mighty 5 Russia |
| Jean Sibelius was a nationalist from | Finland |
| Edvard Grieg was a nationalist from | Norway |
| Isaac Alberiz, Enrique granades, and MAnuel de Falla were nationalists from | Spain |
| Edward Elgar, and Frederick Dellius were nationalists from | England |
| Antonin Dvorak and Bedrich Smetana were nationalists from | Czech |
| Highest form of absolute music | Rom Sym |
| orchestral size ______ | increased |
| during ROM ear there was ______ themes, ______ harmonies, and _____ proportions | lyrical, colorful, expanded |
| _______ order varied during ROM ear not always a 4 _______ cycle | movement |
| German composer, musical family, Friends with the schumanns died at 4 after settling in vienna | Brahms |
| classical school with new life | Traditionalist |
| traditionalist, wrote 4 sym, solo piano works, lieder, chamber music, ROM tendencies, 3rd sym had classical and ROM traits | Brahms |
| Brahms wrote this sym at 50, was classical in form but with ROM in tone, cyclical structure, often had variations and repeats, | 3rd sym |
| had 3 movement structure (earlier cadenza, intro of soloist may start at the very beginning) was a vehicle for virtuosoic display, wrote for specific soloists often | ROM concerto |
| fostered ______ in Italy, Germany, and france | National styles |
| was a very important style in ROM era | National school |
| ROM era brought forth visibility for _________ in music | women |
| "Switish Nightengale" | Jenny Lend |
| Sister musicians | MAria Malibran and Pauline Viardot |
| wrote 28 operas, italian opera at the Lasalla opera house, patriotic, nationalistic works - for liberty of Austria, died at 87 composed until 80, was a national hero | Gisseppe Verdi |
| ______ and ______ the opposing genres for opera were prevalent in _______ | Buffa, seria, italy |
| Barber of Seville, William Tell | Giuachino Rossini |
| sought to develop a national style, thought melody above all, | Verdi |
| Verdi's 3 comp periods | Early period - macbeth, rigoletto, middle- french grand opera, final- aida, otello |
| verdis opera, based on "the king is amused" by Victor hugo's, libertto was Francesco Piave, was about seduction and deciet, with tragic ending, "La donn" the popular tenor aria is famous | Rigoletto |
| Wrote music drama in Germany, wrote singspiel, german composer, career in Dresden Germany, wrote nationalistic opera, exile into switzerland after a failed revolution in 1849 | Richard Wagner |
| A festival was planned for him with a huge performance place by the king of germany Ludwig II to get him out of exile, married Cosima Liszt died at 70 | Richard Wagner |
| Total artwork | gesamtkunstwerk |
| representing something specific like a character or emotion by music | leitmotifs |
| _______ dissonance was important | chromatic |
| Wagner's [iece about the gold in the rhine river, had 4 cycles, was based on a german epic poem, the NIbelungenlied, had some leirmotiffs like slumber, sleep, magic fire, siegfirend | Die Walkure |
| Die walkure's 9 daughters of volton | valkaries |
| a musical style of far off lands | exoticism |
| _____ are often set off in foreign lands | operas |
| Verdi's opera example of exoticism, (italian opera set in _____) | aida, egypt |
| Pucinnis operas example of exoticism, (set in ______) | Turandot & madame butterfly, asia |
| Bizet's opera example of exoticism ( french opera set in _____) | spain |
| outlet for artistic energies in poor people, offered at masses, partsongs, masses, and requiem masses and oratorios | ROM choral music |
| secular choral written for 3 or 4 parts | part songs |
| written in 1874, verdi's Rom catholic mass about the dead, written to commerate the death of a famous humanist poet, for large orchestra, chorus and then a soloist, DIes Irae was the most powerful part | Requiem |
| ballet has been important in european culture since | Ren |
| central to theatrical entertainment, associated with weddings and celebrations, became an independent artform in the 18th century | Ballet |
| choreographer at St. Petersburg, Pas de deux, choregraphed more than 100 ballets, art of staging ballets was brought to new heights by him | Marius Petipa |
| choreographer, BAllet Russes was his dancing troop, helped Igur Stranvinsky get famous with his 3 ballets (Firebird suite, patrusca, and the rite of spring) | Serge Diaghilev |
| Russian composer, end of century, pessimistic, had confused sexual identity, married student Antonia Milyukove, started off as a lawyer, worked in carneige hall in NY, died suddenly ay 53 | Peter llyich Tchaikovsky |
| Swan LAke, Sleeping Beauty, and the Nutcracker | Peter llyich Tchaikovsky |
| christmas tale by ETA hoffman, used the celesta a lot, | The nutcracker |
| _____ dance was popular like arab dance, chinese dance and "Trepak" | exotic |
| ______ was a important dance for Peter llyich Tchaikovsky | Trepak |
| a group of people who were big in Realism | Verismo |
| The verismo examples were | puccini, leoncavallo, and MAscagni |
| Bringing everyday subjects from life and bringing them down to normal life | realism |
| Italian composer, early sucesses, last work on Turandot was left unfinished, died at in 1924 of heart attack | Pucinni |
| was an example of verismo and exoticism, inspired by a play, central tragic heroic character - CIo-CIo_son (Butterfly) the aria describes her desire for love | Madame Butterfly |
Created by:
Shelby.Stevenson