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CBCS

QuestionAnswer
Medical Ethics Standards of conduct based on moral principles
Compliance Regulations Based on HIPAA
HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
What is HIPAA? Patient privacy
HIPAA's two provisions 1. Insurance reform- which provides health insurance coverage for workers and their dependents when they change or lose their jobs 2. Administrative simplification- it sets to reduce administrative cost and burdens
False Claims Act (FCA) Prohibits submitting a fraudulent or false claim
National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) To control improper coding
Two types of edits -Column 1/Column 2:Identifies code pairs that shouldn't be billed together because one code includes all services described by another -Mutually Exclusive Edits:Identifies code pairs that are unlikely to be performed on the same patient on the same day
The Office of Inspector General (OIG) Investigates and prosecutes healthcare fraud and abuse
Fraud Intentionally deceiving information that may result in unauthorized benefits
Abuse Incidents that are inconsistent
Patient Confidentiality All patients have the right to privacy and all information should remain privaleged
Employer Liability The license to practice medicine is governed by each state. Physicians are legally responsible for their own conduct and any actions of their employees
Employee Liability Physician is responsible for mistakes made by billing services
Medical Record Documentation on patients social, medical, and family history, physical examination, progress notes, and lab results corresponding to patient
Medical Record Retention Varies from state to state. Deceased should be kept for at least 5 years
Measure -meter
Abnormal condition -osis
Bursting forth of blood -rrhagia
Hardening -sclerosis
Surgical Puncture -centesis
Removal, resection, excision -ectomy
Record -gram
Separation, breakdown, destruction -lysis
Suture -rrhaphy
Opening -stomy
Treatment -therapy
Incision, to cut into -tomy
Without a,an-
Before ante-
Against -anti
Painful, difficult dys-
Inside, within endo-
Upon, above epi-
Out ex-
Below, defiscient hypo-
Below infra-
Between inter-
New neo-
Scanty, little oligo-
All pan-
Beside para-
Through per-
Before, infront of pre-
False pseudo-
Under sub-
Above, beyond supra-
Four tetra-
Cartilage arth-, chondro-
Head cephal-
Gallbladder cholecyst-
Vagina colp-
Intestine enter-
Vulva episi-
Tongue gloss-
Liver hepato-
Uterus hyster-
Abdomen lapar-
Milk lact-
Stone lith-
Breast mast-
Birth nat-
Ovary oophor-
Lung pneum-
Fallopian Tubes salping-
Mouth stomat-
Anterior, ventral Front surface of the body
Posterior, dorsal Back side of the body
Superior Above another structure
Inferior Below another structure
Proximal Near midline of trunk
Distal Far from midline of trunk
Medial Middle of body
Lateral Side of body
Frontal, coronal Vertical plane dividing body into front and back
Sagittal Vertical plane dividing body into right and left
Transverse Horizontal plane dividing body into upper and lowere
Integumentary System Skin and accessory organs
Three layers of the skin Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous
Keratin Protein found in hair fibers
Lunula White area at the base of the nail
Eponychium Cuticle
Sebaceous Gland Secrete and oily substance called sebum
Sebum Helps lubricate skin
Two Sweat Glands Eccrine and Apocrine
Adrenal Glands Secrete hormones called epinephrine and steroids
Albino Deficient pigment
Melanin Skin pigment
Callogen Structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue
Lipcyte Fat cells
Macule Discolored flat lesion (freckle)
Polyp Benign growth extending from surface of mucous membrane
Fissure Cracklike sore
Nodule Solid, round, elevated lesion. More than 1 cm in diameter
Ulcer Open sore on skin or mucous membrane
Vesicle Small collection of clear fluid (blister)
Wheal Smooth, slightly elevated, swollen area that is redder than surrounding sin
Alopecia Absence of hair where it normally grows
Gangrene Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply
Impetigo Bacterial inflammatory skin disease
Multigravida Pregnant woman who has had at least one previous pregnancy
Musculoskeletal System Includes bones, muscles, and joints
Ligaments A fibrous muscular band that connects bones
Osseous Connective tissue that makes up bones
Hematopoietic Tissue Inner core of bones where red bone marrow manufactures blood cells
Axial Skeleton Skull, rib cage, and spine
Appendicular Skeleton Shoulder, collar, pelvic, arms, and legs
Long bones Very strong, large surface for muscle attachment (humerus and femur)
Short bones Small with irregular shapes (wrist and ankle)
Flat bones Covers soft parts of body (shoulder blades, ribs, and pelvic bones)
Sesamoid bones Small rounded bones found near joints (kneecap)
Frontal bones Forms anterior part of skull and forehead
Parietal bones Forms side of cranium
Occipital bones Forms the back of skull
Temporal bones Forms two lower sides of cranium
Ethmoid Bones Forms the roof of the nasal cavity
Sphenoid Bones Anterior to the temporal bone
Zygoma Cheek bone
Lacrimal bone Bones at the corner each eye that cradle tears ducts
Maxilla Upper jaw bone
Mandible Lower jaw bone
Vomer Posterior inferior part of the nasal septal wall between the nostrils
Palatine bones Make up part of the roof of the mouth
Inferior nasal conchae Make up part of the interior of the nose
Cervical Neck bones
Thoracic Upper back
Lumbar Lower back
Sacral Sacrum
Coccygeal Coccyx (tailbone)
Rib cage 12 pairs of ribs
True ribs First 7 attached directly to the sternum
False ribs Ribs 8, 9, and 10 attached to the sternum by cartilage
Floating ribs Last 2 ribs that are not attached at all
Scapula Shoulder blades
Clavicle Collar bone
Humerus Upper arm bone
Ulna Lower medial arm bone
Radius Lower lateral arm bone in line with the thumb
Carpals Wrist bones
Metacarpals Fingers and bones in the palm of the hand
Phalanges Finger bones
Pelvis Superior and widest bone
Ischium Lower portion of pelvic bone
Pubic bone Lower anterior part of bone
Femur Thigh bone
Patella Kneecap
Tibia Shin
Fibula Smaller lateral leg bone
Malleolus Ankle
Tarsal Hind foot bone
Metatarsal Midfoot bone
Phalanx Toe bone
No ROM (Range of motion) Immoveable joints held together by fibrous tissue
Limited ROM Joints joined together by cartilage that is slightly moveable
Full ROM Joints that have free movement
Extension Increase angle of a joint
Flexion Decrease angle of a joint
Abduction Movement away from the midline
Adduction Movement towards the midline
Supination Turning the palm or foot upward
Pronation Turning palm or foot downward
Dorsiflexion Raising foot and pulling toes towards the shin.
Plantar Flexion Lowering foot and pointing toes away from shin
Eversion Turning outward
Inversion Turning inward
Protraction Moving part of body forward
Retraction Moving part of body backward
Rotation Revolving bone around its axis
Comminuted The bone is crushed and/or shattered
Compression Fractured bone collapses on itself
Colles Break of distal end of radius at the epiphysis often occurs when the patient has attempted to break their fall.
Complicated When a broken bone pierces an internal organ
Impacted When broken bones are driven into each other
Hairline A minor fracture as a thin line and may not extend completely through bone
Greenstick Bone is partially bent and broken; common in children because of soft bones
Pathologic Any fracture occurring spontaneously as a result of disease
Salter-Harris A fracture of the epiphyseal plate in children
Sprain Traumatic injury to join involving soft tissue
Soft tissue Muscles, ligaments, and tendons
Strain A lesser injury resulting from overuse or overstretching
Dislocation When a bone is completely out of place
Subluxation Bone partially out of joint
E/M Section Includes codes that pertain to the nature of physicans' work;depends on type of service, patient status, and place of service. Divided into broad categories (office and hospital visits and consultations)
Established patient Receives services within last three years
ICD-9-CM International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision,Clinical Modification
Three volumes of ICD manual Volume 1: Diseases in Tabular List Volume 2: Disease: Alphabetic Index Volume 3: Procedures, Tabular List and Alphabetic Index
Supplementary Classification of Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact with Health Services V Codes
V Codes Identify that occur for reasons other than illness or injury or to identify patients whose illness is influenced by special circumstances or problems.(Found in Vol. 1 and 2)
Supplementary Classification of External Causes of Injury and Poisoning E Codes
E Codes Classify environmental events, circumstances, and conditions as the cause of injury, poisoning, and other adverse effects and captures of injury/poisoning happened, the intent,and the place where the event happened.
Tabular List Volume 1 001-999 Consists of 17 chapters based on either body system or cause or type of disease.
Chapters Main division in ICD-9-CM. Divided into sections
Sections Composed of a group of three digit categories representing a group of conditions or related conditions. Divided into categories.
Categories Composed of three digit codes representing a single disease or condition. Only used if code is not further subdivided. Most require a fourth digit.
Subcategories Provides a fourth digit code(in terms of cause, sight, or manifestation of condition)Must be used if available.
Subclassification Provides a fifth digit code which gives the highest specificity of description of condition. Must be used if available.
Alphabetic Index Volume 2 The main term in the index may be followed by terms in parenthesis which are called nonessential modifiers because their presence or absence do not have an effect on the selection of the code list for the main term.
Subterms Terms indented 2 spaces to the right below the main term. They're essential modifiers.
Hypertension Table Found in the index under the main term "hypertension." Contains a list of conditions that are due to or associated with hypertension.
Hypertension Table Malignant An accelerated severe form of hypertension with vascular damage and a diastolic pressure of 130 mmHg or greater.
Hypertension Table Benign Mild or controlled hypertension and no damage to the vascular system or organs.
Hypertension Table Unspecified Not specified as benign or malignant in the diagnosis or medical record.
Neoplasm Table Located in the index under the main term "neoplasm" and is organized by anatomic sight
Neoplasm Malignant Further classified as primary, secondary, or carcinoma in situ
Neoplasm Table Primary Malignancy Original cancer site. Malignant tumors considered primary unless documented as secondary or metastatic
Neoplasm Table Secondary Malignancy Cancer that has metastasized to a secondary site,either adjacent or remote region of the body.
Neoplasm Table Carcinoma In Situ Cancer that is localized and has not spread to adjacent tissues or distant parts of body.
Neoplasm Table Benign Noninvasive, non-spreading, and nonmalignant
Neoplasm Table Uncertain Behavior Uncertain whether benign or malignant; borderline malignancy.
Neoplasm Table Unspecified Nature Neoplasm as identified however no nature of tumor is documented in the diagnosis or medical record.
Alphabetic Index Contains three sections
Alphabetic Index Section 1 Index to Diseases: each term is followed by code(s) that apply to that term.
Alphabetic Index Section 2 Table of Drugs and Chemicals: contains a list of drugs and chemicals with the corresponding poisoning codes and E codes. The E codes are used to explain circumstance surrounding poisoning.
Alphabetic Index Section 3 Index to External Causes of Injury (E Codes): Classifies in alphabetical order environmental events and other conditions as the cause of injury and other adverse effects.
Health Care Financing Administration Common Procedure Coding System HCPCS reference manual
National Provider Identifier (NPI) CMS assigns a standard unique identifier
Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) CMS created this collection of codes for procedures, supplies, products, and services that may be provided to Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries and those enrolled in private health insurance programs
HCPCS Level I codes Consist of codes found in CPT manual. They are five position numeric codes used to report physician services rendered to patients
HCPCS Level II codes (National Codes) Contains five position alpha-numeric codes for physician and non-physician services not found in the CPT (level I)HCPS
HCPCS Level II codes Start with a letter followed by 4 numbers. Covers supplies, materials, or injections that are covered by Medicare. Some codes are for physician and non-physician services not found in CPT manual.
Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) Used to report services and procedures by physicians. Published and updated annually by American Medical Association (AMA)
CPT Category I Codes Represent services and procedures widely used by many health care professionals in clinical practice in multiple locations and have been approved the the FDA
CPT Category II Codes Supplemental codes used for performance measurements
CPT Category III Codes Temporary codes for emerging technology, services and procedures. If category III code is available, it is reported rather than a category I unlisted code
Eight sections of CPT manual Evaluation and Management, Anesthesia, Surgery, Radiology, Pathology and Laboratory, Medicine, Category II Codes, and Category III Codes
Stand-alone codes Contain the full description of the procedure for the code
Indented codes Codes listed under associated stand-alone codes. To complete the description refer to the portion of the stand-alone description before the semi-colon
Modifiers Provide the means by which the reporting physician can indicate that a service or procedure that has been performed has been altered by some specific circumstance but not changed in its definition or code
CPT manual uses Five-digit numeric system for coding services rendered by physicians
Triangle ▲ Represents a change in the code description
Two triangular symbols ► ◄ Represents a change in the text or definition between the triangles
Bullet ● Represents a new procedure or service code added since the previous edition of the manual
Plus sign + Indicates add-on codes
Circle with a line through it ϴ Represents exemption from modifier -51
Evaluation and Management 99201-99499
Anesthesia 00100-01999, 99100-99140
Surgery 10021-69990
Radiology 77010-79999
Pathology and Laboratory 80048-89356
Medicine 90281-99199, 99500-99602
Add-on Codes Addition to primary procedure performed. Apply only to procedures performed by the same physician to describe additional intra-service work provided. Never used alone and always reported in addition to primary procedure. Exempt from modifier -51
Location Methods 1. Service or procedure 2. Anatomic site 3. Condition or disease 4. Synonym/Eponym 5. Abberviation
CPT Modifiers Two-digit add-ons attached to regular codes in circumstances where procedures were altered
-24 Unrelated E/M Service by the Same Physician During a Postoperative Period
-26 Professional Component
-32 Mandated Services
-50 Bilateral Procedure
-51 Multiple Procedures
-58 Staged or Related Procedure or Service by the Same Physician during Postoperative Period
-78 Return to the Operating Room for a Related Procedure During the Postoperative Period
-79 Unrelated Procedure or Service by the Same Physician During the Postoperative Period
-90 Reference (Outside) Laboratory
-99 Multiple Modifiers
E/M Codes Cover physician's services that are performed to determine the best course for patient care
Key components of E/M -History: Chief complaint; History of present illness; Review of systems; Past, family, and social history -Physical Examination -Medical decision making
Unlisted Procedures Procedures considered experimental, newly approved, or seldom used. Located at the end of the subsections or subheadings
Surgical Package, also called "global surgery" -Surgical procedure performed -Local infiltration, metacarpal/metatarsal/digital block, or topical anesthesia -Preoperative E/M services -Immediate postoperative care -Normal, uncomplicated postoperative care
Policyholder One who purchases the contract
Insurance carrier One who provides the benefits plan
Group Insurance When a group of employees and their dependents are insured under one policy issued to the employer
Personal Insurance An insurance plan issued to an individual
Pre-paid Health Plan Pre-determined set of benefits covered under one set annual fee
Indemnity Insurance Fee-for-service. Services are paid for that are listed in the policy and payments are based on the fees physicians charge for service
Managed Care Plan Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), Preferred Provider Organization (PPO), Point-of-Service Plan (POS), and Preferred Provider Plan
HMO Provides a wide range of medical services to individuals that have been enrolled into the program
PPO Similiar to HMO but charges higher premiums in exchange for more flexibility and more options
POS Gives beneficiaries the option whom to see for service
Preferred Provider Plan May see provider outside of plan but is responsible to pay the higher protion of the fee
The Usual, Customary, and Reasonable Usual- The physician's most frequent charge fora given service Customary- Average charge of all providers of similar training and experience Reasonable- Actual charge submitted on a claim
Relative Value Payment Schedules Method Uses relative value scales to assign a relative weight to individual services according to the basis for the scale
Medicare's Resource Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS) Payment Schedule Relative value is the sum of work: represents amount if time, effort and medical skill required of physician Overhead: practice costs related to procedure Malpractice: cost of medical malpractice insurance
How RBRVS payments are determined By multiplying a code's relative value by a constant dollar amount called the conversion factor
The St. Anothony Relative Value for Physician (RVP) Has no geographic adjustment (unlike RBRVS). For each category of procedures a separate conversion factor must be developed
Contracted Rates with MCOs Physicians agree to provide services at a discount of their usual fee in return for a pool of existing patients
Capitated Rates Physician provides a full range of contracted services to covered patients fora fixed amount on a periodic basis
Medicare Federal government program created by the Social Security Act of 1965 administered by CMS formally HCFA
Medicare is available to -65 and older on Social Security benefits -Spouse of a person paying Social Security -Persons who receive benefits after 24 months -Diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ERSD) -Kidney donors to ERSD -Retired federal employees of the CSRS
Medicare Health Insurance Claim Numbers (HCINs) Issued by CMS, are usually Social Security numbers with letter or letter/number suffixes.
Medicare Part A Inpatient, hospice, and home health services
Medicare Part B Supplement to Part A which covers medical expenses, clinical laboratory services, home health care, outpatient hospital treatment, blood, and ambulatory services
Medicare Part C Medicare Managed Care Plans offers healthcare services in addition to A and B
Medicare Part D Prescription drugs
Medicare Claim Status Clean claim, dirty claim, invalid claim, and rejected claim
Clean Claim Accurately filled out
Dirty Claim Contains errors or omissions
Invalid Claim Contains complete necessary information but is incorrect or illogical
Rejected Claim Requires investigation and needs further clarification
Advanced Beneficiary Notice Document provided to a Medicare beneficiary by a provider prior to service letting them know of their responsibility to pay if Medicare denies the claim
Medigap (Medicare Supplemental Insurance) To pay for service and items Medicare does not cover
Medicaid Federal program provides medical assistance to the needy. Varies state to state.
Eligibility for Medicaid: Categorically Needy -Families, pregnant woman, and children -Aged and disabled persons -Persons receiving institutional or other long-term care in nursing facilities and immediate care facilities
Eligibility for Medicaid: Medically Needy -Medically indigent low-income individuals and families -Low-income persons losing employer health insurance coverage
Coverage with Medicare and Medicaid Medicaid usually pays the Medicare Part B deductibles, coinsurance, and monthly premium amounts
Workers Compensation State-required insurance plan. Provides benefits to employees and their dependents for work related injury, illness, or death
Five Types of Workers Comp. -Medical treatment -Temporary disability -Permanent disability -Vocational rehabilitation -Death benefits for survivors
Disability Insurance Reimbursement for income loss as a result of a temporary or permanent illness or injury
Liability Insurance Covers losses to a third party caused by the insured, by an object owned by the insured, or on premises owned by the insured
TRICARE Regionally managed healthcare program for active duty and retired members or the armed forces, their families, and survivors.
Three types of plans covered under TRICARE 1. Standard: fee-for-service, cost-sharing plan 2. Extra: preferred provider organization 3. Prime: HMO plan with a point-of-service option
CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Veteran Affairs) Provides medical benefits to spouses and children of veterans with total, permanent service related disabilities or for surviving spouses and children of a veteran who died as a result of service related disability
Commercial Carriers For profit organizations that operate in the private sector selling different health insurance benefit plans to groups or individuals (Aetna, Cigna, Travellers, and Prudential)
Blue Cross/Blue Shield Plans Contract with physicians and other health entities to provide services to insured companies and individuals
Blue Cross Covers hospital services, outpatient care, some institutional services, and home care
Blue Shield Covers physician services, and in some cases dental, outpatient services, and vision care
Paper Claim CMS-1500
Electronic Claim Submitted directly by the physician or through a clearinghouse and are usually paid faster
Clearinghouse Entity that receives transmissions from physicians' offices, separates the claims by carriers and performs software edits on each claim to check for errors. Claim is then sent to proper insurance carrier and result is sent back to the claims preparer
Universal Claim Form Blocks 1-13 refers to patient information Blocks 14-33 refers to physician information
I. Life Cycle of an Insurance Claim: Claim Submission Transmission of claim's data electronically or manually to third party payers or clearinghouses for processing
IV. Life Cycle of an Insurance Claim: Non-covered Benefit Procedure or service reported on insurance claim that is not listed in payer's master benefits list. Results in denied claim
V. Life Cycle of an Insurance Claim: Unauthorized Benefit Procedure or service provided without proper authorization. Results in denied claim
VI. Life Cycle of an Insurance Claim: Payment Once claim is approved for payment, a remittance advice is sent to provider and an EOB is mailed to policy holder
II. Life Cycle of an Insurance Claim: Claim Processing Third party payers and clearinghouses verify information found in a submitted claim
III. Life Cycle of an Insurance Claim: Claim Ajudication Claim is compared to payer edits and the patient's health plan benefits to verify information
Assignment of benefits Reimbursement is directly sent from the payer to the provider
Accept Assignment Provider agrees to accept what the insurance company approves as payment in full for the claim
Inpatient vs. Outpatient Inpatient- patient is admitted 24 hours or more Outpatient- patient is released within 23 hours
Consultation Service provided by physician whose opinion or advice is requested by another physician for evaluation or treatment of a patient's problem
Fee Schedule List of charges or allowances that have been accepted for specific medical services
Fee-for-service Fee that is charged for each procedure/service performed by the physician
Fiscal Intermediary An insurance company that bids for a contract with CMS to handle the Medicare program in a specific area
Premium Cost of insurance coverage paid annually, semiannually, or monthly to keep a policy in effect
Deductible Accumulative out of pocket amount that must be paid annually by a policy holder before benefits will be paid by insurance company
Coinsurance Percentage of the cost of covered services that a policyholder pays. Common percentage is 80/20
Medical Necessity The determination that a service or procedure rendered is reasonable and necessary for thee diagnosis or treatment of an illness or injury
Precertification Determines coverage for a specific treatment under the insursed's policy
Predetermination To determine the patients benefits and the maximum dollar amount that the insurance company will pay
Preauthorization Requirement for some health insurance plans to obtain permission for a service or procedure before it is done
Eligibility Qualifying factors that must be met before a patient receives benefits
Coordination of benefits When two insurance companies work together to coordinate payment of the benefit
Encounter Form Also known as "superbill". Listing of the diagnoses, procedures, and charges for a patients visit
Itemized Statement A statement of patients account history showing dates of service, detailed charges, payments, the date the insurance claim was submitted, adjustments, and account balance
Civil Monetary Penalties Law (CMPL) Law to prosecute cases of Medicare fraud
Good Samaritan Act Developed to protect health care professionals from liability of any civil damages as a result of rendering emergency care
Remittance Advice Report of payment sent by the payer to the provider
The Patient Care Partnership (Patient's Bill of Rights) Developed to promote the interest and well-being of the patients of the health care facility
Physicians' State Licence Number Number that must be obtained in order to practice within a state
Employer Identification Number (EIN) Federal tax identification number
Provider Identification Number (PIN) Number assigned by insurance company to a physician who renders services to patients
Group Provider Number Number used for provider whose is a member of a group practice
Preforming Provider Identification Number (PPIN) Separate number for each group office/clinic in which they practice
Participating Physician Contract with a health insurance plan and accepts whatever the plan pays for procedures and services rendered
Non-participating Physician Has no contract with the health insurance plan
Created by: crystalhanson
 

 



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