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The branch of science that studies the transfer of energy during chemical reactions or phase changes
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The AVERAGE KINETIC energy in the particles of a sample
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Chapter 13 Chem

QuestionAnswer
The branch of science that studies the transfer of energy during chemical reactions or phase changes Thermochemistry
The AVERAGE KINETIC energy in the particles of a sample temperature
measures the TOTAL amount of thermal energy transferred from one object to another Heat (expressed in Joules)
It is _________ to determine the absolute amount of heat in something impossible
Chemists measure the _________ in energy that occurs during a chemical reaction change
Is the heat content of a system at a constant pressure Enthalpy (H)
An insulated container, similar to a thermos, in which a thermometer detects the temperature change that occurs during a chemical reaction Calorimeter
A Calorimeter measures ________ Enthalpy
Produces a temperature change (you can sense it happening sensible heat
produces a phase change - FLAT on the graph - no change is detected Latent heat
The amount of heat that has to be added to overcome the intermolecular forces so a solid can MELT Molar enthalpy of fusion
The amount of heat required to convert a mole of a liquid at its boiling point to its vapor at the same temperature Molar enthalpy of vaporization
The amount of energy that raises 1g of something by 1 degree C Specific heat
High Specific Heat LARGE amounts of heat
High specific heat retains heat values for ______ periods longer
Low Specific Heat Small amounts o energy
the change on enthalpy that occurs during a reaction is called the enthalpy of reaction (delta H)
A chemical equation that shows the reactants, products, and amount of energy that is released or absorbed as heat Thermochemical equation
Reverse reactions have the same magnitude, but _________ signs different
Standard state 25 degree C and 1 atm
is the enhalpy change that makes 1 mole in its standard state from its elements in their standard states Standard molar enthalpy of formation
The energy released as eat by the complete burning of one mole of a substance in standard conditions Enthalpy of combustion
Combustion reactions must contain ________ oxygen
EXothermic heat EXits
The enthalpy change of a reaction equals the sum of the enthalpy changes for each step of the process Hess's Law
Chemical bonds _____ energy STORE
When bonds are broken, energy is _______ RELEASED
Bonds are broken through ________ VIBRATION
The strength of the bond between any two atoms depends on the ________that are bonding and on the _________of the bond Elements / length
Bonded atoms are ________ ________ than unbonded ones more stable
Energy is __________ ___________ to break bonds ALWAYS REQUIRED
Bond breaking is thus always an __________ process ENDOTHERMIC
Forming bonds is always an ________ process. EXOTHERMIC
The ______ the bond, the MORE energy is released STRONGER
A reaction that breaks strong bonds and forms weak ones __________ energy REQUIRES
A reaction that breaks weak bonds and forms strong ones _________ energy RELEASES
In most cases, exothermic processes are thermodynamically _______ favorable
Ice melting, compressed gas is released and gets colder Examples of endothermic reactions
Things are going from order to _____ disorder
Entropy is a measure of _________ RaNdomNeSS
Entropy increases with ______ temperature
Entropy is theoretically equal to zero at ________ ________ absolute zero
____ processes increase the entropy of the universe All
A negative delta S tries to go against the tendency of disorder and attempts to _______ ___ decrease it
- H + S -G at all Temps
-H -S -G at low temps
+H +S -G at high temps
+H -S +G at all temps
Formulated a single way of figuring out favorability J. Willard Gibbs
Gibbs combined entropy and enthalpy into a single term called_____ ______ Free Energy
-delta G is ___________ SPONTANEOUS! (Like you know who...negative and may spontaneous try to kill you_
Created by: DarkPeriwinkle
 

 



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