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Active Transport
Preparation for Physiology Assessment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define the active transport process | A cell using cellular energy (ATP) to move substances across its membrane |
| List 3 reasons why Substances moved across cell membranes by an active transport process are generally unable to pass by diffusion | It might be too large to pass through the membrane pores It might be lipid insoluble It might have to move AGAINST rather than with a concentration gradient |
| What are carrier proteins most commonly called? | Solute pumps |
| What 2 substances move into cells by solute pumps? Explain. | Amino acids & some sugars. Both of these kinds of solutes are necessary for the life of the cell, but they are lipid insoluble & too large to pass through membrane pores. |
| What does the sodium-potassium solute pump do? | moves Na + and K+ in opposite directions across cellular membranes. 3 Na+ ions are ejected out for ever 2 K+ ions entering the cell. Note that there is more K+ inside the cell than outside so K+tends to remain outside cell unless actively transported in. |
| Give an example of coupled transport. | Membrane carrier proteins that move more than 1 substance such as the Na+K+ pump |
| What is a symporter? | If the solutes move in the same direction, the carrier is a symporter |
| What is an anti porter? | If the solutes move in opposite directions, the carrier is an antiporter. |
| What is a uniporter? | A carrier that transports only a single solute is a uniporter. |
| What does ATP hydrolysis do and provide? | ATP hydrolysis provides the driving force and in many cases the substances move AGAINST concentration gradients or electrochemical gradients or both. |
| Resembls enzyme-substrate interaction | In one type of active transport, substances move across a membrane by combining with a carrier-protein molecule. |
| The movement of sodium and potassium maintained by the Na+ -K+ pump.... | requires energy and is against a concentration gradient. |
| The sodium-potassium pump is classified as a( | antiporter |
| Will theddition of glucose carriers will affect the transport of sodium or potassium? | No, it will not affect the transport of either ion. |
| Why was the equilibrium for the solutes reached earlier? | There were more pumps for transport. |
| What happened when you increased the amount of ATP dispensed with the same concentration of sodium and potassium on either side of the membrane? | More ions were transported. |
| What was the effect of adding more Na+ -K+ pumps to the simulated cell? | Transport of the ions was faster. |
| Describe the effect of adding glucose carriers to the sodium and potassium transport. | There was no change in the transport rate because glucose is transported independently. |
| Describe the significance of using 9 mM sodium chloride inside the cell and 6 mM potassium chloride outside the cell, instead of other concentration ratios. | For every 3 Na+ transported out of cell, 2 K+ ions are transported in. The 9mM of Na+ and 6mM of K+has a 3:2 ratio. |
| Explain why there was no sodium transport even though ATP was present. | Because in order for Na+/K+ pumps to function, both of these ions (Na+ and K+) must be present. In this stimulation there was no potassium (K+) present, therefore the Na+/K+ pump was not able to function. |
| Explain why the addition of glucose carriers had no effect on sodium or potassium transport. | B/c the carriers are used to transport molecules such as glucose via facilitated diffusion with no input of energy from an external source. Na+ and K+ ions are transported actively via Na+/K+ pumps against their concentration gradient. therefore... |
| Do you think glucose is being actively transported or transported by facilitated diffusion in this experiment? Explain your answer. | Glucose is being transported passively down its concentration gradient by facilitated diffusion because there was no ATP present. So we can assume that glucose carriers were present to assist in the transportation of glucose molecules across the membrane. |
Created by:
meunid