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P &F
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The force exerted by atoms and molecules is defines as _________? | Pressure |
| How is Pressure generated? | Kinetic Energy |
| Kinetic energy is produced by the atoms and molecules in_______? | motion |
| What is the equation for pressure | Force/Area |
| The English unit of pressure is the ________, a unit of _________ not mass. | Pound (lb); Force |
| The SI (System International) unit of pressure? | Newton/meter squared or Pascal (pa) |
| What are 2 ways the English unit of pressure is measured? | lbs/ft. squared or lb/sq. inch (most commonly) |
| When molecules of gaes collide _______ is exerted | Pressure |
| 1 atm is equal to ___________ kPa or __________ lb/sq inch | 101.3 kPa; 14.69 lb/sq inch |
| Define Cylinder pressure | The sum of molecular forces of compressed gas in a closed container |
| How are compressed gasses measured? | PSIG or pounds per square inch gauge |
| What two values are equal when a gas cylinder is empty? | Cylinder and atmospheric pressures |
| A full tank of oxygen measures__________ PSIG | 2000-2200 |
| A full tank of Nitrous oxide? | 745 PSIG |
| A bourdon gauge measures? | pipeline and cylinder pressure ( Compressed gas) |
| The bourdon gauge is based on what type of measurement? and what does it mean? | Aneroid (operating without fluid) |
| Who regulates standards for the bourdon gauge? | ASTM |
| How is non compressed gas measured? | mmHg (or Torr) or cmH2O |
| The tourniquet used during knee surgery is not a compressed gas and therefore is measured in _________ | mmHg or torr |
| High pressure and continuing pressure on the anesthesia machine is measured in _____________. | cm of water (cmH20) |
| Why do anesthesia machines have a pressue relief valve near the common gas outlet? ( 2 reasons) | 1. Prevent high pressure from being transmitted into the machine 2. Protect the patient from high pressures from the machine |
| If a preset pressure is exceded the pressure releif valve opens to the ________ and releases fresh gas | Atmosphere |
| Pressure relief valves limit what type of ventilation? | adequate Jet Ventilation |
| Inspiratory and expiratory valves are multidirectional/unidirectional valves. | Unidirectional |
| Unidirectional valves ensure that the gases flow ________ the patient in one breathing tube and ___________ in the other. | Toward; away |
| Where does surface tension occur? | At the air/liquid interface |
| The attractive forces that occur between molecules at the surface of a liquid is ________ | Surface tension |
| how is surface tension measured? | dynes/cm (@ 20 degrees C) |
| A dyne is a unit of (Mass/Force) | Force |
| What safety feature on the anesthesia machine may limit the ability to provide adequate jet ventilation? | Pressure relief valve |
| How is incompetence of unidirectional valves prevented? | Opening, cleaning and replacing disks if necessary |
| Patients undergoing TURP are at risk of developing | Dilutional Hyponatremia |
| Why are TURP pts at risk of developing dilutional hyponatremia? | High-hanging bags of irrigation lead to absorption of irrigating solution by open venous channels |
| what are the 3 physics principles that apply to pressure in a liquid source ? | 1)pressure in a liquid at a certain level is proportional to the height of the liquid 2)pressure in a liquid increases with the depth below the surface 3)pressure in a liquid is the same in all directions at the same depth |
| What is the function of the pressure regulator (pressure reducing valve)? | Reduce pressure and control gas supply from cylinders and pipeline |
| what lines the walls of the alveoli in the lungs? | A think film of liquid |
| How does the surface tension of fluid in the lungs affect the alveoli? | The surface tension of the liquid tends to want to collapse the alveoli |
| where gas exchange occurs in the lungs | gas exchange occurs in Alveoli |
| What prevents the alveoli from collapsing | Surfactant |
| Lung surfactant is secreted by __________ | Type II alveolar epithelial cells |
| lung surfactant ( increases/ decreases) surface tension | decreases |
| Name the 3 physiological benefits of surfactant | 1)increases lung compliance 2)reduces the tendency of small alveoli to empty into larger ones (collapse) 3)reduce fluid leak from pulmonary capillaries into alveoli (prevent pulm edema) |
Created by:
mgalla15
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