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The Haber process
Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Haber process is the manufacture of what? | Ammonia |
| what two elements are needed to create ammonia? | nitrogen and hydrogen |
| How can nitrogen be obtained? | from the air. |
| how can hydrogen be obtained? | from natural gas or the cracking of hydrocarbons |
| Is the reaction reversible or irreversible? | reversible |
| the equilibirum position can be shifted to the right hand side to produce a: | a high yield of ammonia |
| what conditions must be used in order to obtain a HIGH yield of ammonia? | low temperatures but high pressures |
| However, what's wrong with using low temperatures? | the reaction is very slow |
| so, what's the compromise to produce a high yield? | 450 degrees celcius |
| Also, what's wrong with using high pressures (and why)? | Very expensive as lots of energy would be required to compress the gases. |
| so, what's the compromise? | pressure of 200atms is used. |
| at 450 degrees, the reaction is still: | quite slow |
| UNLESS, | a catalyst is used |
| The most economical catalyst to use for this is what? | Iron |
| Under these conditions, what percentage of ammonia is obtained? | 15% |
| What happens to the remaining nitrogen and hydrogen? | it is reused in the reaction |
| what happens to the ammonia at the end of the reaction? | it leaves the reaction vessel, is cooled down, liquefied and is then tapped off. |
| 3 uses of ammonia? | the manufacture of fertilizers, nitric acid and nylon |
Created by:
eloiseis
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