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Medical Terminology
Chapter 10: The Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acrophobia | An excessive fear of heights |
| acr/o | Extremities (hands and feet), top, extreme point |
| agor/a | Marketplace |
| caus/o | Burning, burn |
| cerebell/o | Cerebellum; second largest part of the brain at the back of the head |
| claustr/o | Barrier |
| concuss/o | Shaken together, violently agitated |
| contus/o | Bruise |
| deliri/o , hallucin/o | Wandering in the mind |
| delus/o | Delude, mock, cheat |
| dys- | Bad, difficult, painful |
| ech/o , son/o | Sound |
| electr/o | Electricity, electric |
| encephal/o , cerebr/o | Largest upper portion on the brain |
| epi- | Above, upon, on |
| -esthesia , esthat/o | Sensation, feeling |
| isch/o | To hold back |
| later/o | Side |
| letharg/o | Drowsiness, oblivion |
| lex/o , -lexia | Word, phrase |
| -mania | Obsessive preoccupation |
| mening/o | Membranes, meninges; membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord |
| myel/o | Spinal cord, bone marrow |
| narc/o | Numbness, stupor |
| neur/l , neur/o | Nerve, nerve tissue; one or more bundles of neurons that connect the brain and the spinal cord with other parts of the body |
| par- , para- | Beside, near, bend, abnormal, apart from, opposite, along side of |
| -phobia | Abnormal fear |
| post- | After, behind |
| psych/o | Mind |
| radicul/o | Nerve root |
| schiz/o | Division, split |
| -sclerosis | Abnormal hardening |
| syncop/o | To cut short, cut off |
| trem/o | Shaking, trembling |
| -tropic | Having an affinity for |
| ultra- | Beyond, excess |
| Agoraphobia | An excessive fear of environments where the person fears a panic attack might occur |
| Alzheimer's Disease (AD) | A group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) | A rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles |
| Anesthetic Drugs | Medication used to induce anesthesia |
| Anesthetist | A medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia, but is not a physician |
| Anticonvulsant Drug | Medication tha prevents seizures |
| Antidepressant Drugs | Medications administered to prevent or relieve depression |
| Antipsychotic Drugs | Medication administered to treat symptoms of severe disorders of thinking and mood that are associated with neurological and psychiatric illnesses |
| Anxiety Disorders | Mental conditions characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations, or fear that is out of proportion to the real danger in a situation |
| Anxiolytic Drugs | Medication administered to temporarily relieve anxiety and reduce tension |
| Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | A condition characterized by a short attention span and impulsive behavior inappropriate for the child's development age |
| Autism | A mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts |
| Bell's Palsy | Temporary paralysis of the 17th cranial nerve that causes paralysis only on the affected side of the face |
| Bipolar Disorder (manic/depression) | A mental condition characterized by cycles of severe mood changes shifting from highs and severe lows |
| Carotid Ultrasonography | An ultrasound study of the carotid artery that is performed to predict or diagnose a ischemic stroke |
| Causalgia | Persistent, severe, burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve |
| Cephalalgia | Pain in the head |
| Cerebral Contusion | Bruising of the brain tissue as a result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the skull |
| Cerebral Palsy (CP) | A condition characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, and other neurologic deficiencies |
| Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) | Damage to the brain that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted |
| Cervical Radiculopathy | Nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region |
| Claustrophobia | Abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces |
| Cluster Headaches | Intensely painful headaches that affect one side of the head and often occur in groups or clusters |
| Cognition | The mental activities associated with thinking. learning, and memory |
| Coma | A deep state of unconsciousness marked by the absences of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli, and no vocalization |
| Concussion | A violent shaking up or jarring of the brain |
| Cranial Hematoma | A collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain |
| Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) | A neurosurgical procedure used in the treatment of dystonia, tremors, and Parkinson's disease |
| Delirium | An acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disorder thinking and memory, agitation, and hallucinations |
| Delirium Tremens (DTs) | A disorder involving sudden and sever mental chafes of seizures cause by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol |
| Delusion | A false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary |
| Dementia | A slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including memory, thinking, and judgment that is often accompanied by personality changes |
| Dopaminergic Drugs | Medication that increases dopamine-related activity in the brain |
| Dura Mater | The thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges |
| Dyslexia | A learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols |
| Dysthymia / Dysthymic Disorder | A low-grade chronic depression present of a majority of days for more than two years |
| Echoencephalography | The use of ultrasound imaging to create a detailed visual image of the brain for diagnostic purposes |
| Electroencephalography (EEG) | The process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp |
| Encephalitis | Inflammation of the brain |
| Encephalocele | A congenital herniation of brain substance through a gap in the skull |
| Epidural Anesthesia | Regional anesthesia produces by inject medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine |
| Epilepsy | A chronic neurologic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity |
| Factitious Disorder | A form of child abuse in which the mentally ill parent will falsify an illness in child by making up or inducing symptoms and then seeking medical treatment, even surgery, for the child |
| Functional MRI (fMRI) | Detects changes in blood flow in the brain when the patient is asked to perform a specific task |
| Gamma Knife Surgery | A type of radiation treatment for brain tumors |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | A mental condition characterized by chronic, excessive worrying |
| Guillain-Barre' Syndrome | Inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, characterized by rapidly worsening muscle wakens that may lead to temporary paralysis |
| Hallucination | A sensory perception experience in the absence of an external stimulation |
| Hemorrhagic Stroke | Damage to the brain that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks |
| Hydrocephalus | A condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the ventricles of the brain |
| Hyperesthesia | A condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli |
| Hypnotic Drugs | Medication that depressed the central nervous system and usually produces sleep |
| Hypochondriasis | A condition characterized by fearing that one has a serious illness despite appropriate medical evaluation and reassurance |
| Intracranial Pressure (ICP) | The amount of pressure inside the skull |
| Ischemic Stroke | Damage that occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked by the narrowing or blockage of a carotid artery |
| Lethargy | A lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy |
| Levels of Consciousness (LOC) | Terms used to describe the measurement of response to arousal and stimulus |
| Lithium Salts (mood-stabilizing drugs) | Chemical salts used in the treatment of bipolar disorder as mood stabilizers, depression and mania |
| Lumbar Puncture (LP) | The process of obtaining a sample of cerebrospinal fluid by inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region to withdraw fluid |
| Meningioma | A common, slow growing and usually benign tumor of the meninges |
| Meningitis | Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord |
| Meningocele | The congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column |
| Mental Retardation (MR) | Significant below-average intellectual and adaptive functioning present form birth or early infancy |
| Migraine Headache | A headache characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head an may be proceeded by a warning aura |
| Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | A progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath |
| Myelitis | Inflammation of the spinal cord and/or bone marrow |
| Myelography | A radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture |
| Narcolepsy | A sleep disorder consisting of sudden and uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | A mental condition characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions |
| Panic Attack | An unexpected, sudden experience of fear in the absence of danger, accompanied by physical symptoms such as shortness of breath and chest pain |
| Paresthesia | A burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs or feet |
| Parkinson's Disease (PD) | A chronic, degenerative CNS disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slow or shuffling gait (manner of walking) |
| Peripheral Neuropathy | A disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord, producing pain, loss of sensation, and inability to control muscles |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | The development of characteristic symptoms after a major traumatic event |
| Radiculitis | Inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve that causes pain and numbness radiating down the affected limb |
| Reye's Syndrome | A potentially serious or deadly disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion, sometimes following a viral illness for which the child was treated with aspirin |
| Schizophrenia | A psychotic disorder characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions, and hallucinations |
| Sciatica | Inflammation of the sciatic nerve that results in pain, burning, and tingling along the course of the affected nerve |
| Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) | A seasonal bout of depression associated with the decrease in hours of daylight during winter months |
| Sedative Drugs | Medication that depressed the CNS to produce calm and diminished responsiveness without producing sleep |
| Seizure (Sz) | A sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts for a short time |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) | Antidepressants that ease symptoms of moderate to severe depression |
| Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI) | Medications that are effective at easing depression symptoms and treating anxiety and nerve pain. |
| Shaken Baby Syndrome | Describes the results of a child being violently shaken by someone |
| Syncope | The brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain |
| Tetanus | An acute and potential fatal infection of the CNS caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria |
| Tourette Syndrome | A complex neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics, grunts, and compulsive utterances |
| Tranquilizer Drugs | Medication used to reduce anxiety, fear, tension, agitation, and related states of mental disturbance |
| Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) | A method of pain control by wearing a device that delivers small electrical impulses to the nerve endings through the skin |
| Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) | A temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain |
| Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) | A blow to the head or a penetrating head unjust that damages the brain |
| Trichotillomania | A compulsive desire to pull out, and sometimes consume, one's hair |
| Trigeminal Neuralgia / Tic Doloreaux | Inflammation of the 5th cranial nerve characterized by sudden, intense, brief attacks of share pain on one side of the face |
Created by:
Jensen20