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14 & 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what measurements were used to find out how land was being used? | maps, aerial photographs, field surveys, and a computerized mapping system |
| land that is covered mainly with buildings and roads | urban |
| the U.S Census Bureau defines and urban area as an area that contains __________ and usually has a ___________ | 2,500 or more people;governing body |
| land that contains relatively few people and large areas of open space | rural |
| land used to graze livestock and wildlife | rangeland |
| land used for harvesting, wood, wildlife, fish, nuts, and other resources | forest land |
| land used to grow plants for food and fiber | cropland |
| land used for recreation and scenic enjoyment and for preserving native animal and plant communities and ecosystems | parks & preserves |
| land that is difficult to use for human purposes | wetlands, mountains, deserts, and other |
| land used for houses, businesses, industry, and roads | urban |
| cropland -> __% | 20% |
| parks/preserves ____% | 13% |
| urban land _____% | 6% |
| other ______% | 7% |
| forest land _____% | 28% |
| rangeland/pasture ______% | 26% |
| resources that are produced by natural and artificial ecosystem services | ecosystem services |
| each person uses about __ hectares of land & water. In the U.S each person uses more than __ hectares. In Germany each person uses about __ hectares | 8;12;6 |
| list examples of ecosystem services | purification of air and water, regulation of climate, moving and cycling of nutrients, etc. |
| the movement of people from rural areas to cities | urbanization |
| all of the things that a society builds for public use | infrastructure |
| rapid expansion of a city into the countryside around the city | urban sprawl |
| land that is poorly suited for building | marginal land |
| cities generate and trap more heat | true |
| increased temperature in the city | heat island |
| how are rain clouds produced? | hot air rises over a city, cooling as it rises |
| determining in advance how land will be used | land-use planning |
| a computerized system for storing, manipulation, and viewing geographic data. | geographic information system (GIS) |
| were constructed in order to get people where they wanted to go, use buses and trains to move many people at one time. save energy, reduce highway congestion, reduce air pollution, etc. | mass transit systems |
| land within urban areas that is set aside for scenic and recreational enjoyment | open space |
| open spaces left in their natural condition | greenbelts |
| allowing animals to graze in an area than the range can support (most damage to rangeland) | overgrazing |
| worldwide, average person uses ______ of wood and the U.S uses ___ times this amount | 1,800cm3; 3.5 |
| the timber industry classifies forest lands into three categories: | virgin forest (never been cut), native forest (planted and managed), and tree farms (trees planted in rows and harvested like crops) |
| process of removing all of the trees from an area of land. destroys wild life habitat and causes soil erosion | clear-cutting |
| process of cutting and removing only middle-aged or mature trees. more expensive, but less destructive | selective cutting |
| clearing of trees from an area without replacing them | deforestation |
| process by which trees are planted to re-establish trees that have been cut down in a forest land | reforestation |
| deforestation caused _________ | soil erosion, landslides, and flooding |
| an area in which the land and the ecosystems it supports are protected from all exploitation | wilderness |
| __________is not allowed in wilderness areas | building roads/structures and using motorized equipment |
| wilderness is open to ________ | hiking, fishing, boating, and camping |
| widespread starvation caused by a shortage of food | famine |
| amount of energy that is available in food is expressed in _______ | calories |
| major nutrients we get from food: | carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids |
| condition that occurs when people do not consume enough calories or do not eat a sufficient variety of foods to fulfill all of the body's needs | malnutrition |
| type and amount of food that a person eats | diet |
| the foods produced in the greatest amounts worldwide | grains |
| measure of the quantity of food produced on a given area of land with limited inputs of energy and resources | efficiency of a given type of agriculture |
| because _____ energy is available at each higher level on a food chain, only about ___ of the energy from the plants gets stored in the animals | less;10% |
| the amount of food that can be produced in a given area | yield |
| why is there unequal distribution? | malnutrition is largely the result of poverty. Wars and political strife can also lead to malnutrition because they interrupt transportation systems |
| prolonged period during which rainfall is below average. | drought |
| the green revolution affected _________, farmers who grow only enough food for local use. | subsistence farmers |
| the earth has only a limited area of ______, land that can be used to grow crops | arable land |
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emilyily