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Chapter 16 Unit Test
Sections 1-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What were cultural differences between the Anasazi and Mississippians? | Anasazi built pueblos for housing and Mississippians built thriving villages and they had different cultures. |
| What were some features shared by Native American groups? | religious ideas, trade, respect of land, emphasis on family, clans represented by totems |
| What were achievements of the Pacific Northwest peoples? | They hunted whales in canoes, developed social classes, and create elaborate potlatch ceremonies. |
| What were achievements of the Anasazi? | They used pottery, irrigation, built impressive cliff dwellings and villages with large apartment-style compounds of stone and sun-baked clay-pueblos |
| Who were the Hohokam? | They were one of the earliest and most successful and were influenced by the Anasazi, their northern neighbors, and Mesoamerican people to the south. |
| What were achievements of the Mississippians? | They built large burial mounds filled with finely crafted copper and stone objects; created prosperous villages based on trade and farming |
| Who were the Northeastern woodland people? | They were made up of a number of eastern tribes. Despite similar environments, these tribes developed a variety of cultures and often fought over land, however 5 of these tribes came together to form the Iroquois League |
| Who were the Pacific Northwest people? | Including the Kwakiutl, Nootka, and Haida used the sea as an important resource and their differences in wealth led to the creation of social classes. Families displayed their rank and wealth by giving away food, drink and gifts in potlatch |
| What were totems? | A natural object used by American Indian clans to identify and unify a clan or group |
| What was potlatch? | A ceremony with drink, food, and gifts to the community in which families showed their rank and prosperity |
| What was Tikal important to Mayas for? | being the capital city |
| What was the writing system of the Mayas like? | 800 glyphs symbolized things and were used in a codex |
| What was the Popol Vuh? | A Maya creation of the world story |
| How does writing reflect Maya culture? | They used their writing system to record historical events and other religious ancient books |
| What are theories of how the Maya declined? | Warfare led to the disruption of trade,the soil was less productive from overusage |
| What is known about Maya cities? | They were ruled independently under a theocracy, were large, religious and linked trade |
| How did Maya pay tribute to their gods? | They cut themselves to offer their blood and sometimes sacrificed enemies |
| How were math and religion connected in Maya culture? | There was a religious calendar and one using the connection of math and the rotation of the earth around the sun |
| What caused rebellion among the Aztecs? | They were taking too many people to sacrifice and were demanding the citizens to pay tribute |
| What was Tenochtitlan? | Their planned, Aztec city that was built on an island and connected to the mainland by a causeway |
| Who were the Toltec? | They built pyramids and temples, were extremely warlike, and dominated central Mexico before the Aztecs did |
| What was Teotihuacan? | It was an organized city-state that was traded its most valuable obsidian and was the fist major central Mexico civilization |
| What did the Aztec do to make them leading power of central Mexico? | They used their military to conquer their neighbors and joined the Triple Alliance. |
| What was the reason for sacrifices on top of the Great Temple? | The Aztecs believed that without regular offerings of blood, the sun god would not make the sun rise and all life would die |
| What type of calendars did the Aztecs use? | religious calendars with 13 months and agricultural calendars with 18 months and 20 days |
| Who was Quetzalcoatl? | known as a feathered serpent, he was a god Toltec ruler Topilzinen encouraged the Toltec people to worship |
| Why does Pachacuti stand out in Incan history? | He was the ruler who expanded the kingdom into an empire by conquering Peru and neighboring lands |
| What is one belief of the Incas? | That their ruler was related to the sun god, who would bring wealth and power to them |
| Why did the Incan Empire fall? | because a civil war tore it apart and because the Spanish conquered the empire with superior technology |
| What was mita? | A form of tribute in which all able citizens were required to work for the state for a certain number of days a year |
| Explain the ayllu. | the small structure used for community work projects that was an extended family group that formed the Incan social system |
| What gods did the Inca worship? | nature spirits such as the moon, stars, sun, thunder |
| Why did the Inca worship these specific gods? | They believed rulers were descended from the sun god Inti so the worship of a sun god was comparable to worship of a king |
| What was quipu? | An accounting device created by the Inca that involved a set of knotted strings to record data |
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mrshoran6626