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Chapter 11
Liquids, Solids, and intermolecular forces
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Identify the characteristics of a liquid | Indefinite shape, but definite volume |
| Identify the characteristics of a gas | Indefinite shape and volume |
| Has low density | Gas |
| Identify the characteristics of a solid | Definite shape and volume |
| Give the change in condition to go from a liquid to a gas | Increase heat or reduce pressure |
| The force between polar molecules is known as | dipole-dipole forces |
| The potential energy of molecules decrease | as they get closer to one aonther |
| What is the strongest type of intermolecular force present in NH2CH3? The two strands in DNA are held together by _______. | hydrogen bonding |
| Order of INCREASING strength of intermolecular forces | CH4<CH3CH3<CH3CH2CH3 |
| Order of DECREASING strength of intermolecular forces | CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3>(CH3)3CCH2CH3>(CH3)3CCH3 |
| A compound w/o hydrogen bonding | (CH3)3N |
| In a liquid, the energy required to increase the surface of the area by a unit amount is called | surface tension |
| Choose the substance with the lowest viscosity | ClCH2CH2Cl |
| Choose the substance with the highest viscosity | BeCl2 HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH Maple Syrup |
| Identify the term used to describe the ability of a liquid to flow against gravity up a narrow tube | capillary action |
| Describe sweating in humans | It is an endothermic reaction The sweat evaporates absorbing heat from the body The skin is cooled |
| Vapor pressure increase | with temp |
| Identify the place that has the lowest boiling point of water | Mt Everest, 29,035 feet |
| Identify the place that has the highest boiling point of water | Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level |
| Molecules with hydrogen bonding | are more volatile than compounds with dipole-dipole forces |
| Which substance has the strongest intermolecular force? | A2X, DeltaHvap=29.6 kJ/mol |
| Define boiling. | A liquid becomes a gas |
| Define deposition. | A gas becomes a liquid |
| Define sublimation | The phase transition from solid to gas |
| Define freezing. | The phase transition from liquid to solid |
| Define fusion | The phase transition from solid to liquid |
| At atmospheric pressure, dry ice | sublimes |
| At atmospheric pressure, ice | melts |
| Define triple point | The temp and pressure where liquid, solid, and gas are equally stable and are in eqilibrium |
| Why is water an extraordinary substance? | Haw low molar mass, yet is liquid at room temp Main solvent within living organisms An exceptionally high specific heat capacity Strong hydrogen bonds |
| Identify the compound with the highest boiling point. | H2O KI |
| Identify the type of solid for AgCL | ionic solid |
| Identify the type of solid for ice. | molecular soild |
| Identify the type of solid for gold | metallic atomic solid |
| Identify the type of solid for diamonds | networking atomic solid |
| Identify the type of solid for argon | nonbonding atomic solid |
| Which has the smallest dipole-dipole forces? Molecule/compound that exhibits dispersion force as its strongest intermolecular force. The substance with the lowest boiling point | O2 |
| Which is expected to have the largest dispersion forces? | C12H26 |
| Compound that exhibits hydrogen bonding | CH3NH2 |
| In liquid propanol, CH3CH2CH2OH which intermolecular forces are present? | Dispersion, hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole forces present |
| Compounds that exhibits only dipole-dipole intermolecular interactions | CH3Br |
| The normal boiling point for H2Se is higher than the normal boiling point for H2S. This can be explained by | larger dispersion forces for H2Se |
| What is the strongest type of intermolecular force present in Cl2? | Dispersion |
| What is the strongest intermolecular force present in CHBr3? | dipole-dipole |
| What type of intermolecular force causes the dissolution of KF in water? | ion-dipole force |
| Identify the compound that has hydrogen bonding | H2O |
| Pair of substances that are most likely to form a homogenous solution | NH3+CH3OH C6H14+C10H20 NF3+SO2 |
| The substance with the highest surface tension | HOCH2CH2OH |
| The substance with the lowest surface tension | CH3CH2CH2CH3 |
| Substance with the lowest vapor pressure at a given temperature | CaI2 |
| Substance that would have the highest DeltaHvap | C6H6 |
| Give the coordination number for a body-centered cubic cell | 8 |
| How many H- ion are around each Na+ ion in NaH, which has a cubic unit cell with H- ions on each corner and each face? | 6 |
| Forms a molecular solid | C10H22 |
| Forms an ionic solid | RbI |
| What type of bonding does Sr form an ionic solid? | metallic |
| What is considered a molecular solid? | I2 |
| What is considered an ionic solid? | (NH4)2CO3 |
| what is considered an atomic solid? | Nb |
| What is considered a nonbonding atomic solid? | Ne |
| What has the highest melting point? | MgO Fe |
| Ionic bond | LiI |
| Hydrogen Bonding | CH3OH |
| Dispersion Forces | CH3CH3 |
| Dipole-dipole forces | CH2F2 |
| Ion-dipole forces | LiI+H2O |
| Define viscosity | The resistance of a liquid to flow |
| Define boiling point of a liquid | The temp at which the vapor pressure equals the external pressure |
| Define dynamic equilibrium | Dynamic equilibrium is when the rate of condensation equals the rate of vaporization |
Created by:
karmabites
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