Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
NAPLEX Review
2014 Naplex review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ss | one half |
| ac | before meals |
| pc | after meals |
| gtt, gtts | drop, drops |
| au | each ear |
| as | left ear |
| ad | right ear |
| ATC | around the clock |
| hs | at bedtime |
| BID | twice a day |
| TID | three times a day |
| QID | four times a day |
| BIW | two times a week |
| TIW | three times a week |
| OS | left eye |
| OD | right eye |
| OU | each eye |
| qs | sufficient quantity |
| qs ad | sufficient quantity to make |
| NR | no refills |
| c or w/ | with |
| s or w/o | without |
| inj | injection |
| X | times |
| mL | milliliter |
| NTE | not to exceed |
| MDI | metered dose inhaler |
| q | every |
| qd | every day |
| qod | every other day |
| PO | by mouth/orally |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| IV | intravenous |
| IVP | intravenous push |
| IVPB | intravenous piggy-back |
| ID | intradermal |
| IM | intramuscular |
| subc, subq, SC, SQ | subcutaneous |
| ung | ointment |
| top | topically |
| WA | while awake |
| prn | as needed |
| stat | immediately |
| SL | sublingual |
| sup or supp | suppository |
| PR | per rectum |
| BM | bowel movement |
| N/V or N&V | nausea and vomiting |
| tsp(t) | teaspoon, 5mL |
| tbsp (T) | tablespoon, 15mL |
| 1 fl oz | 1 ounce, 30mL approximate (29.6mL actual) |
| 1 cup | 8 oz |
| 1 pint | 16 oz, 2 cups, 473 mL |
| 1 quart | 2 pints, 946mL |
| 1 gallon | 4 quarts, 3,685mL |
| 1 kg | 2.2 lbs |
| 1 oz (weight) | 28.4 g |
| 1 pound | 454g |
| 1 inch | 2.54 cm |
| 1 grain | 65mg approx, 64.8mg actual |
| %w/v | g/100mL |
| %v/v | ml/100mL |
| %w/w | g/100g |
| If SCr:BUN is >20, then what? | Patient is dehydrated |
| Ratio Strength: 4% means what? | 4 parts:100 parts = 1 part:25 parts |
| BMI calcuation? | (weight lbs.)*(703)/(height inches*height inches) |
| BMI: Underweight? | <18.5 |
| BMI: Normal? | 18.5-24.9 |
| BMI: Overweight? | 25-29.9 |
| BMI: Obese? | 30+ |
| IBW calculation | Men: 50kg + 2.3kg*(every inch >5 feet) Women: 45.5kg + 2.3kg(every inch >5 feet) |
| Cockroft Gault GFR estimate calculation? | ((140-age)*Weight/72*SCr)*(0.85 If patient is female) BMI<18.5, use actual weight BMI 18.5-24.9, use IBW BMI 25+, use adjusted bodyweight |
| ABW (adjusted bodyweight) calculation? | ABW = IBW+0.4(TotalBodyWeight - IBW) |
| GFR: Mild renal insufficiency, CKD stage 2? | GFR = 60-89 |
| GFR: Moderate renal insufficiency, CKD stage 3? | GFR = 30-59 |
| GFR: Severe renal insufficiency, CKD stage 4? | GFR = 15-29 |
| GFR: Renal failure, CKD stage 5? | GFR = <15 or patient on dialysis |
| Specific Gravity | Weight in grams(g)/volume in milliliters(mL) |
| Diluting and concentration equation | Q(uantity)1 * C(oncentration)1 = Q(uantity)2 * C(oncentration)2 |
| Alligation equation | Aa + Bb = Cc where caps are volumes and smaller case are concentrations |
| Kcals per gram of fats? | 9 kcals/gram |
| Kcals per gram of carbohydrates? | 4 kcals/gram |
| Kcals per gram of proteins or amino acids? | 4 kcals/gram |
| Kcals per gram of DEXTROSE? | 3.4kcals/gram |
| Kcals per gram of glycerol/glycerin? | 4.3kcals/gram |
| Kcals per gram of IV fat emulsion 10%? | 1.1 kcals/g |
| Kcals per gram of IV fat emulsion 20%? | 2 kcals/g |
| Kcals per gram of IV fat emulsion 30%? | 3 kcals/g |
| Daily fluid requirements calculation? Valid only when pt. >20kg | 1500mL + (20mL)*(weight in kg-20) |
| Protein requirements for a non-hospitalized (non-stressed) patient | 0.8-1g/kg/day |
| Protein requirements for a hospitalized or malnourished (stressed) patient | 1.2-2g/kg/day |
| Total Energy Expenditure Equation | Basal energy expenditure equation (Harris-Benedict)*activity factor*stress factor |
| Nitrogen balance: 1g of nitrogen is equivalent to how many grams of protein? | 6.25g protein |
| Nitrogen balance: Equation for calculating nitrogen intake in grams? | Grams of protein/6.25 |
| Corrected Calcium: Equation? | (Serum Calcium)+((4-albumin)*(0.8)) |
| 1mg of aminophylline is how many mg of theophylline? | 0.8mg theophylline |
| 1 grain is how many mg? | 65mg |
| Waist circumference becomes a risk factor for men at or above how many inches? | 40+ inches |
| Waist circumference becomes a risk factor for women at or above how many inches? | 35+ inches |
| Body Surface Area: Calculation | Meters^2=Sqrt((height in cm*weight in kg)/3600) |
| Osmolarity: Calculation | mOsmol/L=((concentration of substance in g/L)/(MW in g/mol))*(# of species)*(1000) |
| Sodium Chloride Equivalency (i=dissociation factor) | E=((58.5)*i)/((MW of drug)*(1.8)) |
| Mol | g/MW |
| mmol | mg/MW |
| mEq | (mg)*(valence)/MW or mmol/valence |
| Fahrenheit to centigrade? | F=(C)*(9/5)+32 |
| Henderson-Hasselbach: Weak Acids Calculation | pH = pKa + log (salt/acid) |
| Henderson Hasselback: Weak Bases Calculation | pH = pKa + log(base/salt) |
| Half-life: Calculation | T1/2 = 0.693/K |
| Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) Normal Value | 2200-8000 |
| Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) Calculation | ANC = WBC*(% neutrophils) % neutrophils = segs+bands |
| Anion Gap is high (gap acidosis) when? | >12 |
| Anion Gap Calculation | AG = Na - (Cl+HCO3) |
| Aliquot Measurement Calculation | Mean Weighable Quantity (MWQ) = Sensitivity Requirement (SR)/(% error) |
| Relative Risk is? | Exposed or treated group or event/unexposed or treated group or event |
| RR <1 means? | treatment reduces risk of occurrence |
| RR = 1 means? | No difference in risk between treatment or untreated group |
| RR >1 means? | Treatment increases risk of occurrence |
| Relative Risk Reduction is? | (%event occurence of control or placebo)*(%event occurence of treatment)/(% event occurrence of control or placebo), OR RRR=1-RR(Relative Risk) |
| Normal Range: Sodium (Na) | 135-147 |
| Normal Range: Potassium (K) | 3.5-5 |
| Normal Range: SCr (Serum Creatinine) | 0.6-1.2 |
| Normal Range: Glucose | <100 (fasting) <180 (post-prandial) |
| Chem 7 Spider layout? | Na/K then Cl/HCO3 then BUN/SCr, then Glucose |
| CBC Spider layout? | Left: WBC Top: HBG Bottom: HCT Right: Platelets |
| List the substances that do not dissociate. (dissociation particle # of 1) | Dextrose Mannitol |
| List the substances that dissociate into 2 particles (dissociation particle # of 2) | Potassium Chloride (KCl) Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Sodium Acetate (NaC2H3O2) |
| List the substances that dissociate into 3 particles (dissociation particle # of 3) | Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) |
| List the substances that dissociate into 4 particles (dissociation particle # of 4) | Sodium Citrate (Na3C6H5O7) |
| List the substances with a valence number of 1 | Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) Potassium Chloride (KCl) Potassium Gluconate (KC6H11O7) Sodeium Acetate (NaC2H3O2) Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) |
| List the substances with a valence number of 2 | Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) Calcium chloride (CaCl2) Disodium phosphate Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO4) Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) |
| Namenda generic name | memantine |
| Namenda XR -- with or without food? | With food or drink |
| Namenda -- comes in which forms? | Capsule, oral solution |
| Donepezil -- indications? | Mild to severe Alzheimer's Disease by itself and in combination with memantine |
| Why is donepezil recommended to be taken in the evening? | It causes nausea and patients can sleep through the effect. |
| Exelon generic name? | Rivastigmine |
| How often are Exelon(rivastigmine) patches applied? | Daily. (30 per box) |
| Do Exelon(rivastigmine) patches need to be removed for an MRI? | No; they contain no metal. |
| Will levonorgesterel emergency contraception taken while pregnant cause birth defects or other problems? | No. It won't terminate an existing pregnancy or hurt future fertility. |
| If a woman misses 2+ pills of oral contraceptive in the last week of a packet (days 15-21 of a 28 day packet), what should she do? | Omit the hormone free week by finishing the pills in the current pack and starting a new pack the next day. |
| What is the only emergency contraceptive that can be sold over the counter? | Plan B One-Step. |
| What are the age and gender requirements to purchase Plan B One Step over the counter? | No age or gender requirements. |
| What word is in the names of the oral contraceptives that give you 3 months between menses? | Season -- Seasonale, Seasonique, and LoSeasonique. Seasonale has 7 days of placebo, Seasonique has 7 days of low dose estrogen. |
| What is unique about Lybrel birth control? | It is continuous -- 28 active tablets, no placebo, and no cycle. |
| Nor-QD is progestin-only. If you miss a dose, or the timing of a dose, and have intercourse, is there a risk of pregnancy? | Yes. Progestin only contraceptives have to be taken the same time every day. |
| How long can NuvaRing be left out before increased risk of pregnancy? | Three hours. |
| Can NuvaRing be stored at room temperature once dispensed, or must it be refrigerated? | Can be stored at room temperature for up to four months once dispensed. |
| If mid-cycle (days 14-21) breakthrough bleeding occurs on an oral contraceptive, what is likely the cause? | Too little estrogen. |
| What is a "mini pill" or POP? | Progestin-only-pill. |
| Do you have to start a mini pill/POP at any particular time? | Nope, any time. |
| If a pregnancy test is positive, what hormone is in the urine? | Human chorionic gonadotropin. |
| Brand name mometasone? | Nasonex |
| Fluticasone brand names? | Flonase, Veramyst |
| Do antihistamines help with congestion? | No. That's why they also come with decongestants. |
| Beclomethasone brand names? | Qnasl, Beconase AQ |
| Principal extracellular cation? | Sodium |
| Tweens and spans are used in preparing what? | emulsions |
| Are the liquids in an emulsion miscible or immiscible? | Immiscible. |
| Tween is a what? | Surfactant |
| Are surfactants used as wetting agents? | Yes |
| Sorbitol has 3 roles in compounding. They are? | Sweetener Thickening agent Plasticizer for gelatin capsules |
| pH>pKa, compound is weak acid or weak base? | pH>pKa, weak base |
| pH<pKa, compound is weak acid or weak base? | pH<pKa, weak acid |
| Can Asenapine be used for bipolar disorder? | Yes, it is an antipsychotic used for mood stabilization. |
| Should lithium be taken with food? | Yes, or it will cause intolerable GI upset. |
| What condition characterized by fatigue, constipation, dry skin, and mental sluggishness can be caused by lithium? | Hypothyroidism. |
| Can lithium cause weight gain? | Yes. |
| Are tics and vocal outbursts associated with bipolar disorder directly? | No |
| What is the generic for Depakene? | Valproic acid |
| Symbyax generic names? | Olanzapine and fluoxetine |
| Does valproic acid cause agranulocytosis? | No |
| Can valproic acid cause pancreatitis? | Yes. |
| Lithium follows salt -- if a patient decreases salt intake, what can occur? | Lithium toxicity. The kidneys retain lithium and salt together. |
| Proper range for Lithium? | 0.6-1.2 mEq/L |
| Is it a problem becoming pregnant on hydroxychloroquine? | No. |
| Generic name for Plaquenil? | Hydroxychloroquine |
| Hydroxychloroquine is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and what other autoimmune disorder? | Lupus. |
| Cyclophosphamide can cause what 4 serious adverse effects? | Cyclophosphamide can cause bone marrow suppression leading to severe infections, hemorrhagic cystitis, and fertility problems (among others). |
| Arava generic? | Leflunomide. |
| Target INR range? | 2-3 for moderate |
| Length of time you need to be on warfarin for DVT prophylaxis due to a reversible cause? | 3 months |
| If INR goes up, bleed risk...? | Goes up as well. |
| Indication for dabigatran? | To reduce stroke and blood clots in NON-VALVULAR atrial fibrillation |
| Pradaxa generic name? | Dabigatran |
| Pradaxa mechanism of action? | Direct thrombin inhibitor |
| Does dabigatran need any monitoring? | No |
| Does dabigatran need to be taken with food? | no |
| Is dabigatran dosed QD or BID? | BID |
| Do LMWH require aPTT monitoring? | No |
| Dose of enoxaparin (Lovenox) for someone with good renal function? | 30mg SQ BID or 40mg QD |
| Dose of enoxaparin (Lovenox) for someone with poor renal function? | 30mg SQ QD |
| Amiodarone+warfarin potentiates or blocks warfarin's activity? | Potentiates -- increased bleed risk |
| Define xerostomia | Dry mouth |
| Length of days Pradaxa capsules are good once bottle is open? | 120 days |
| Risk associated with long term heparin use? | Osteoporosis |
| Two ways heparin can be given? | Subq and IV |
| LMWH have a black box warning for? | Spinal/epidural hematoma formation |
| Is phenobarbital a CYP inducer or inhibitor? | Inducer. |
| Brand name for etanercept? | Enbrel |
| What class is etanercept (Enbrel)? | Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor (TNF-alpha inhibitor/Anti-TNF biologic) |
| Generic name for Humira? | Adalimumab. |
| Class of Humira (adalimumab)? | Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor (TNF-alpha inhibitor/Anti-TNF biologic) |
| What disease state might you see tumor necrosis factor inhibitors given in? | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Daily recommended dose of folic acid for a female of child-bearing age? | 400-800mcg/day |
| Max dose of Vitamin E/day? | 150 IU |
| Daily iron dose for babies prior to them starting an iron rich diet? | 1mg/kg/day |
| VFEND generic? | Voriconazole |
| Cleocin generic? | Clindamycin |
| Linezolid class? | oxazolindone |
| anidulafungin brand name? | Eraxis |
| Is Bactrim IV light-sensitive? | Yes |
| Does Bactrim-IV need to be refrigerated? | No |
| Is bactrim IV compatible with NS? | No |
| Does bactrim need to be dose adjusted in patients with severe renal impairment? | yes |
| Can Bactrim IV be converted to PO in 1:1 ratio? | yes |
| Does INH have to be taken on an empty stomach? | Yes |
| Is INH a potent enzyme inducer? | No |
| Is INH contraindicated in gout? | No |
| Can INH be used alone to treat TB? | Yes |
| Does INH require dose adjustments in renal impairment? | No |
| Does tigecycline require renal dosing? | No |
| Out of the following, only one needs refrigeration. It is? Ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, levofloxacin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin. | Cephalexin |
| Avelox (moxifloxacin) and VFEND (voriconazole) have what in common? | Cause light sensitivity -- counsel on sunscreen use. |
| Cefazolin brand name | Kefzol |
| Cephalexin brand name | Keflex |
| Cefuroxime brand name | Ceftin, Zinacef |
| Cefdinir brand name | Omnicef |
| Ceftazidime brand name | Fortaz, Tazicef |
| Ceftriaxone brand name | Rocephin |
| Imipenem/Cilastatin brand name | Primaxin |
| Merropenem brand name | Merem |
| Ertapenem brand name | Invanz |
| Doripenem brand name | Doribax |
| Doxycycline brand names | Vibramycin, Oracea, Doryx, Monodox |
| Why is the doxycycline form Oracea different? | Take on an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. The other forms you take with food to minimize GI upset. |
| Voriconazole can cause what side effects? | Visual changes. |
| Should you take voriconazole with food? | No. |
| Is voriconazole the preferred agents for Aspergillus infection? | Yes |
| Do you have to worry about renal function with voriconazole oral formulations? | No |
| Does voriconazole oral suspension have to be refrigerated? | No |
| Generic Glucophage? | Metformin |
| Metformin class? | Biguanide |
| Biguanide (metformin) mechanism of action? | Decrease hepatic glucose release, decrease intestinal absorption of glucose, increase insulin sensitivity. |
| Temporarily discontinue which antidiabetic if iodinated contrast media is being used? | Metformin. Risk of lactic acidosis. |
| Riomet generic? | Metformin. Liquid. |
| Metaglip generic | Metformin and glipizide |
| Glucovance generic | Metformin and glyburide |
| Actoplus generic | Metformin and pioglitazone |
| Avandamet generic | Metformin and rosiglitazone |
| Janumet generic | Metformin and sitagliptin |
| Sulfonylurea MOA | Stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. |
| Glucotrol generic | Glipizide |
| Amaryl generic | Glimepiride |
| DiaBeta generic | Glyburide |
| Sulfonylureas (3 that are used) | Glipizide, glimepiride, glyburide |
| Class that cannot be used with sulfonylureas | meglitinides (Prandin/repaglinide). Meglitinides are a weaksauce version of sulfonylureas, binding at the same site but with less affinity. |
Created by:
jaishenan