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Chemistry 161
Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Compound | A substance composed of two or more elements held together by a chemical bond. (cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical processes) |
| Lewis Dot Symbol | Consists of an element's symbols surrounded by dots representing a valence electron |
| Ionic Compound | A compound that consists of cations and anions |
| Ionic Boding | Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged particles |
| Lattice | A 3-Dimensional array of cations and anions |
| Lattice Energy | Amount of energy required to convert a mole of ionic solid to its constituent ions in the gas phase |
| Metallic Bond | The valence electrons from a band of electronic cloud surrounding the nucleus |
| Covalent Bond | Results from sharing an electron pair between two atoms |
| Gaining, losing or sharing electrons | Atoms acquire noble gas configuration |
| Molecule | A neutral combination of at lest two atoms in a specific arrangement held together by chemical bonds |
| Law of Definite Proportions | Different samples of a given compound always contain the same elements in the same mass ratio (Proust) |
| Law of Multiple Proportions | Different compounds made of the same element differ in the number of atoms of each kind that combineA |
| Diatomic molecule | A molecule that contains two atoms (Hydrogen molecule H2) |
| Homonuclear | Containing atoms of the same element |
| Heteronuclear | Containing two or more different elements |
| Polyatomic Molecules | Molecules containing more than two atoms |
| Molecular Formula | Chemical formula that give the number of atoms of each element in a molecule (multiple of empirical formula) |
| Allotrope | One or more distinct forms of an element |
| Empirical Formula | The chemical formula that conveys with the smallest possible whole number ratio of combination of elements in a compound |
| Alkali Metals | Group I elements (form +1 cations) |
| Alkali earth metals | Group II elements (form +2 cations) |
| Group V (non metals) | form -3 anions |
| Group VI | form -2 anions |
| Group VII | form -1 anions |
| Naming of Ions | Anions- if derived from single atoms add "ide" (O2- *Oxide) |
| Oxaoanions | Anions containing oxygen |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | For an ordinary chemical reaction, the total mass (reactants plus products) remains constant (Lavoisier) |
| Inorganic Compounds | Compounds that do not contain Carbon or that derived from nonliving sources |
| Organic Compunds | Contain Hydrogen and Carbon |
| Functional Group | A part of a molecule characterized by a special arrangement of atoms that is largely responsible of the chemical behavior of the parent molecule |
| Molecular Mass | The sum of the atomic masses in amu of the atoms that make up a molecule |
Created by:
cynthiaf1021
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