Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
chapter 9
Lumbar spine, Sacrum, and Coccyx
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A portion of the lamina located between the superior and inferior articular processes is called____ | Pars interarticularis |
| The superior and inferior vertebral notches join together to form the ______ | Intervertebral foramina |
| Which radiographic position best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina? | Lateral |
| The small foramina found in the sacrum | Pelvic sacral foramina |
| The anterior and superior aspect of the sacrum that forms the posterior wall of the pelvic inlet | Promontory |
| Another name for the sacral horns | Cornua |
| The sacroiliac joints lie at an oblique angle of ______ to the coronal plane | 30 degrees |
| The formal term for the tail bone | coccyx |
| The name for the superior broad aspect of the coccyx | Base |
| Classification, mobility type and movement of the zygapophyseal joints | synovial, diarthroidal, and plane/gliding |
| Classification, mobility type, and movement of the intervertebral joints | Cartilaginous, amthiarthroidal (slightly moveable) |
| In the LPO position, the _____joints are demonstrated for Lspine | Left zygapophyseal joints |
| In the RAO position, the______ joints are demonstrated for Lspine | Left zygapophyseal joints |
| In the RPO position, the _______ joints are demonstrated Lspine | Right zygapophyseal joints |
| In the LAO position, the ________joints are demonstrated for Lspine | Right zygapophyseal joints |
| In the Lateral Position, the___________ are demonstrated for Lspine | Intervertebral foramina |
| The degree of obliquity required for an oblique projection at the T12-L1 level is _____ | approximately 50 degrees. |
| The degree of obliquity required for an oblique projection at the L5-S1 level is_____ | 30 degrees |
| The obliquity for the general lumbar spine projection is _____ | 45 Degrees |
| The ______ is a topographic landmark for the S1-S2 vertebral level | ASIS |
| The______ is a topographic landmark for the T9-T10 Vertebral level | Xiphoid Process |
| The _______ is a topographic landmark for the L2-L3 level. | Lower costal margin |
| The ______ is a topographic landmark for the L4-L5 level. | Iliac Crest |
| The _____ is a topographic landmark for the tip of the coccyx. | Symphysis Pubis |
| T/F: Placing a lead blocker mat behind the patient for lateral lumbar spine positions improves image quality. | True |
| T/F: Gonadal shielding should always be used for male and female patients for studies of the lumbar spine, sacrum, and coccyx. | False--not used for females if anatomy is obscured. |
| T/F: The AP projection of the lumbar spine opens the intervertebral joint spaces better than the PA projection. | False--PA opens the intervertebral joint spaces better than AP. |
| T/F: The knees and hips should be extended for an AP projection of the lumbar spine. | False---should be flexed. |
| T/F: An increased SID of 44 to 46 inches reduces distortion of the spine anatomy. | True |
| T/F: The lead blocker mat and close collimation must not be used when performing digital imaging of the L-spine. | False. |
| With a 14*17 inch IR, the central ray is centered at the level of the _____ for AP and lateral Lumbar spine projections. | Iliac Crest |
| Which two structures can be evaluated to determine whether rotation is present on an AP L-spine. | SI joints and transverse processes. |
| How much rotation is required to properly visualize the zygapophyseal joints at the L5-S1 level? | 30 degrees |
| Which specific set of ZYG joints is demonstrated with an LAO position? | The right-upside. |
| The ______ should be near the center of the vertebral body on a correctly obliqued lumbar spine. | Pedicle (eye of the scottie dog) |
| Which positioning error has been committed if the pedicles are too far posterior with a 45 degree rotation of the L-spine. | Excessive Rotation. |
| Which L-Spine projection best demonstrates a possible compression fracture? | Lateral. |
| A patient with a wide pelvis and narrow thorax may require a CR angle of _______ for a lateral position of the L-spine. | 5-8 degree caudad |
| A person with scoliosis should be positioned_____ for a lateral L-spine. | With the convexity of the spine closest to the IR. |
| Why are the knees and hips flexed for an AP lumbar spine? | Reduces lumbar curvature to open intervertebral disk space. |
| T/F: The female ovarian dose used for a PA lumbar spine is approx. 30% less than the dose used for AP. | True |
| Where is CR centered for a lateral L5-S1 projection of the L-spine? | 11/2 inches inferior to iliac crest and 2 inches posterior to ASIS |
| What amount and direction of CR angulation is required for AP axial L5-S1 on a male patient? | 30 degrees cephalad. |
| T/F: A PA or AP projection for a scoliosis series frequently includes one erect and one recumbent position for comparison. | True |
| T/F: The lower margin of the cassette must include the symphysis pubis for a scoliosis series. | False. The lower margin is 1-2 inches below the iliac crest. |
| T/F: A PA projection for a scoliosis series produces only about 1/10 the dose to breasts as compared with the AP projection, even with proper collimation. | True |
| For an AP/PA scoliosis projection______ produces a more uniform density along the spine. | Compensating Filter |
| The ______ side of the spine should be elevated for the second exposure for the AP/PA ferguson method scoliosis series. | Convex |
| During the AP (PA) right and left bending projections of the L-spine, the _____ must remain stationary during positioning. | Pelvis |
| Which projections are taken to evaluate flexibility following a spinal fusion surgery? | Hypertension, and hyperflexion |
| How much CR angulation is required for an AP projection for the sacrum for a typical male? | 15 degrees cephalad |
| If a patient cannot lie supine for the AP sacrum due to pain, what is an alternate? | PA prone with a 15 degree caudal CR angle |
| CR centering for the AP projection of Coccyx | 2 inches superior to symphysis pubis |
| T/F: The AP projections of the sacrum and coccyx can be taken as one single projection to reduce gonadal dose. | False. Different angles are needed for AP |
| Patients are asked to empty the urinary bladder before the _____ projection of the vertebral column. | AP of sacrum and Coccyx |
| To minimize overall fogging on a lateral L-spine or lateral sacrum and coccyx, in addition to collimation, what should be done? | Lead blocker on table top behind patient |
| Which SI joint is visualized with an RPO position? | Left |
| How much body rotation for oblique positions of SI joints? | 25-30 degrees |
| What CR angle is recommended for the AP axial projection of the SI joints on a female patient? | 35 Degrees Cephalad |
| Where is the CR centered for an oblique projection of the SI joints? | 1 inch medial from upside ASIS |
Created by:
dcausey