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Consumer Behavior
Chapter 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Social Influence | Info by and implicit or explicit pressures from individuals, groups, and the mass media that affects how a person behaves |
| Marketing source | Influence delivered from a marketing agent, i.e. advertising, personal selling |
| Nonmarketing source | Influence delivered from an entity outside a marketing organization, i.e. friends, family, media |
| Word of mouth | Influence delivered verbally from one person to another person or group of people |
| How to sources differ? (3) | Reach Capacity for two-way communication Credibility |
| Use _________ _______ to enhance credibility | Nonmarketing sources |
| Use _________ _______ to enhance two-way communication | Personal sources |
| Use a _____ ___ _________ to enhance impact | Mix of sources |
| Opinion leaders | Individual who acts as an information broker between the mass media and the opinions and behaviors of an individual or group |
| Gatekeeper | A source that controls the flow of information |
| Opinion leaders characteristics (3) | 1) Learn a lot about products 2) Heavy users of mass media 3) Tend to buy new products when first introduced |
| Market maven | A consumer on whom others rely for information about the marketplace in general |
| Three types of reference groups: | 1) Aspirational Reference Group 2) Associative Reference Group 3) Dissociative Reference Group |
| Brand Community | Specialized group of consumers with a structured set of relationships involving a brand, customers of that brand, and the product in use |
| Aspirational Reference Group | A group that we admire and desire to be like |
| Associative Reference Group | A group to which we currently belong |
| Dissociative Reference Group | A group we do not want to emulate |
| Implications of reference groups (4) | 1) Associate products with aspirational reference groups 2) Accurately represent associative reference groups 3) Help to develop brand communities 4) Avoid using dissociative reference groups |
| Characteristics of Reference Groups (7) | 1) Degree of contact 2) Formality 3) Homophily (similarity) 4) Attractiveness 5) Density 6) Degree of Identification 7) Tie groups |
| Primary reference group | Group with whom we have physical face-to-face interaction |
| Secondary reference group | Group with whom we do not have direct contact |
| Homophily | Overall similarity among members in the social system |
| Dense groups are those in which group members ____ _____ _____ _____ | all know each other |
| Tie-strength | The extent to which a close, intimate relationship connects people |
| Embedded market | Market in which the social relationships among buyers and sellers change the way the market operates |
| Consumer socialization | The process by which we learn to become consumers |
| Intergenerational influence | Information, beliefs, and resources being transmitted from one generation to another |
| Norm | Collective decision about what constitutes appropriate behavior |
| Brand choice congruence | The purchase of the same brand as members of a group; a type of conformity |
| Conformity | The tendency to behave in an expected way |
| Compliance | Doing what the group or social influencer asks |
| Reactance | During the opposite of what the individual or group wants us to do |
| Social Relational Theory: Consumers conduct social interactions according to (4) | 1) Rights/resp. of their relationship w/ group members 2) Balance of reciprocal actions w/ group members 3) Relative status/authority 4) Value placed on different objects and activities |