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Accounting ch. 6
Accounting
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Average cost/Weighted average | Method for assigning inventory cost to sales; the cost of available-for-sale units is divided by the number of units available to determine per unit cost prior to each sale that is then multiplied by the units sold to yield the cost of that sale. |
| Conservatism constraint | Principle that prescribes the less optimistic estimate when two estimates are about equally likely. |
| Consignee | Receiver of goods owned by another who holds them for purposes of selling them for the owner. |
| Consignor | Owner of goods who ships them to another party who will sell them for the owner. |
| Consistency concept | Principle that prescribes use of the same accounting method(s) over time so that financial statements are comparable across periods. |
| Days' sales in inventory | Estimate of number of days needed to convert inventory into receivables or cash; equals ending inventory divided by cost of goods sold and then multiplied by 365; also called days'stock on hand. |
| First-in, first-out (FIFO) | Method to assign cost to inventory that assumes items are sold in the order acquired; earliest items purchased are the first sold. |
| Gross profit method | Procedure to estimate inventory by using the past gross profit rate to estimate cost of goods sold, which is then subtracted from the cost of goods available for sale. |
| Inventory turnover | Number of times a company's average inventory is sold during a period; computed by dividing cost of goods sold by average inventory; also called merchandise |
| Last-in, first-out (LIFO) | Method for assigning cost to inventory that assumes costs for the most recent items purchased are sold first and charged to cost of goods sold. |
| Lower of cost or market (LCM) | Required method to report inventory at market replacement cost when that market cost is lower than recorded cost. |
| Net realizable value | Expected selling price (value) of an item minus the cost of making the sale. |
| Retail inventory method | Method for estimating ending inventory based on the ratio of the amount of goods for sale at cost to the amount of goods for sale at retail. |
| Specific identification | Method for assigning cost to inventory when the purchase cost of each item in inventory is identified and used to compute cost of inventory. |
| Interim statement | (financial statements prepared for periods of less than one year), but they only annually take a physical count of inventory. |
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