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Congress

Question	Answer
1) _________ Congress	Bicameral
2) The Framers of the United States Constitution created a ...	Congress
3) Name one of the two house of Congress	Senate
4) The Framers were __________ ________ with the British system of government	intimately familiar
5) Did the British system have a bicameral legislature?	Yes
6) Name one of the two house in the British system	House of Lords
7) Did the Colonies and States have a legislature?	yes
8) Bicameral or Unicameral	Bicameral
9) The Virginia Plan	made up of The large states in the U.S.
10) The New Jersey Plan	made up of The small states in the U.S.
11) The Connecticut Compromise	a mixer of both Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan.
12) What was the purpose of the C.C.	To resolute the conflict between the small states and the large states.
13) A bicameral legislature provided for two types of ______________	representation
14) What does the House of Representatives represent?	the interest of the people
15) What does the Senate represent?	the interest of the people
16) Bicameral legislature fragmented power	checking majority interests while protecting minority interests.
17) Bicameral legislature slowed the legislative process	encouraging careful deliberation and compromise
18) House of Representatives	435 members, two year term, must be at least 25 years old,
19) Senate	100 members, six-year term, at least 30 years old,
20)Election of the House of Representatives	Are elected by eligible voters;
21)Election of Senators	was originally chosen by the state legislatures,
22) House of Representatives special powers	Initiates revenue bills, brings charges of impeachment against the president, vice president and civil officers of the United States,
23) Senate special powers	Ratifies treaties negotiated by the president,
24) Senate special powers continued (1)	Confirms executive appointments, including cabinet heads, the director of the FBI, and the U.S. attorney general
25) The Connecticut Compromise continued	a Bicameral Legislature
26) House of Representatives continued	an a American citizen for 7 years, and a resident of the state from which he or she is elected
27) Senate continued	an American citizen for 9 years, and a resident of the state from which he or she is elected
28) Election of the House of Representatives continued	when the constitution was ratified the House of Representatives was the new government's only body directly elected by the people
29)Election of Senators continued	but the 17th amendment mandated that senators be elected by voters in each state
30) House of Representatives special powers continued	and chooses the president when electoral college is deadlock
31)Senate special powers continued (2)	Confirms judicial appointments, including Untied States attorneys, federal judges, and United States Supreme Court justices
32) The Connecticut Compromise Upper House:	Senate, equal representation
33) The Connecticut Compromise Lower House:	House of Representation, represent by population
34)Name other one of the two house in the British system	House of Commons
35) what kind of Congress did the Framers made...	a Bicameral Congress
36) Name the other house name in Congress	House of Representative
37) The Virginia Plan continued	wanted a bicameral legislature based on population
38) The New Jersey Plan continued	wanted a unicameral Congress with each state having equal representation
39) What was the purpose of the C.C. (continued)	by uniting the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan
40)Senate special powers continued (3)	Possesses the sole power to try or judge impeachment cases,
41) True or False: The Constitution does set the exact size of the House of Representatives	False, Cons. doesn't set a exact size for H.R.
42) It does stipulate that its size shall be ___________ or ___________ among the states based on their population	apportioned or distributed
43) The Constitution guarantees that each state will have...	at least 1 representative, regardless of population
44) How many states at least have 1 representative	7
45) What happens every ten years	The congress reallocates House seats (after census)
46) as pop. grew in the U.S. . Did the House grew in representation	yes
47) What was the number of House members in 1929	435
48) What act set the permanent size of the House at 435 members	Reapportionment Act of 1929
49) now what is the average of people that each seat represents	700,000
50) Why is it Reapportionment important	because it increases/decreases both the number of the seats a state has in the H.R. and number of electoral votes a state has in th electoral college
51) As a state's representatives increase/decrease...	so does its potential influence.
52) In 1842, congress stipulated that all seats in H.R. would be filled from...	single-member districts
53) Does the Cons define/discuss districts	No, its all @ the states
54) The ____ ___ assigned each state legislature the responsibility of drawing boundary lines of its districts	1842 law
55) Gerrymandering	the legislature process by which the majority party in each state legislature redraws districts to ensure the maximum number of seats for its candidate
56) The following consequences of Gerrymandering	It protects incumbents and discourage challengers. It strengthens the majority party while weakening the opposition party It increase/decreases minority representation
57) Wesberry v. Sanders	set forth the principle of "one person, one vote" in drawing districts. The case triggered widespread redistricting that grave cities and suburbs greater representation in Congress. (rural v. urban)
58) Supreme Court decisions have placed the following limitation...	Districts must be equally populated. Districts must be compact. Lines Must be contiguous.
59) Supreme Court decisions have placed the following limitation continued...	Redistricting cannot dilute minority voting strength. Districts lines cannot be drawn based solely on race. However, race can be one variety of factors that are considered
60) Supreme Court decisions have not eliminated ...	gerrymandering for partisan political purposes
61) During the last 50 years, __________ has been the single most important factor in determining the outcome of elections.	incumbency
62) What percent of House incumbents seeking reelection win.	over 90 percent
63) What percent of Senate incumbents seeking reelection win.	over 75 percent
64) Incumbents are usually able to...	raise more campaign contribution than their challengers
65) PACs contribute more money to...	incumbents than to their challengers
66) Incumbents outspend challengers by...	A ratio of more than 2 to 1
67) Incumbents are usually...	better know to the voters than their challengers
68) Incumbents have opportunities...	to participate in highly visible activities that are covered by local newspapers and local televisions stations
69) There is a close link between ___________ _______ and __________	constituent service (person represented in our district) and reelection
70) Members of Congress are able to win supporters by...	performing caseworks for their constituents
71) And by...	bring home money and jobs ("pork") for their districts
72) Casework consists of helping individual constituents,	often by cutting through bureaucratic red tape
73) Pork is legislation that allows representatives to bring money and jobs to their districts and helps representatives earn a reputation for service to their districts	Incumbents often sit on committees that enable them to earmark/designate specific projects for their districts
74) The franking privilege	refers to right of members of Congress to mail newsletter to their constituents at the government's expense (NO NEWCOMERS)
75) Within recent years, members of Congress have extended...	the franking privilege to include e-mails and recorded phone calls.
76) Members of House often represent districts that have been deliberately _____________ to include voting blocs that support incumbents	gerrymandered
77) Gerrymandered districts discourage Who? and How?	strong challengers from trying to compete with incumbents
78)Congress contains a large number of experienced leaders,	thus enabling it to maintain continuity of leadership and policy
79) The continuity discourages...	radical change while encouraging close relations with interest groups
80) Because incumbents benefit the most from existing campaign finance laws	they have no incentive to reform them.
81) How many bills are introduced each year?	5,000
82) Only 125, or about ___ _______, of these bills are made into law	2.5 percent
83) MOST IMPORTANT QUOTE TO REMEMBER!!!!	" The bicameral Congress and its complex committee system present a formidable series of legislative obstacles that defeat most bills."
84) The legislative process is lengthy, deliberate, fragmented, and characterized by ....	negotiation and compromise
85) Who can write a bill?	anyone
86) Most bill are not written by _______ __ ________	Members of Congress
87) Big part of executive branch	they originated most bills (pres. propose mini-bills)
88) interest groups can ...	draft bills
89) people may be able to draft or write bills but only members of Congress can ...	Introduce a bill. They do so, by dropping a bill into the "hopper", a box hanging on the edge of the clerk's desk
90) Does the House and Senate have parallel process	Yes
91) Bills are assigned a number and then sent to an appropriate committee	The bill is usually referred by the committee chair to a subcommittee for study, hearings, revisions, and approval
92) why most bills die in committees?	because they were pigeonholed or buried
93) If a majority of the House wishes to consider a bill that has been pigeonholed...	the bill can blasted out of the committee with a discharge petition signed by a majority of the House members
94) Bills approved by subcommittee are then returned to the full committee..	where members can mark up or add items to the bill
95) __________ can reject the bill or send it to the House or Senate floor with a positive recommendation	Committees
96) HOR Floor Action (part 1)	The House Rules Committee gives the bill a rule, placing it on the legislative calendar, allowing a specified time for debate, and determining if any amendments will be allowed
97) HOR Floor Action (part 2)	The bill is debated and a vote is ultimately taken by the full House
98) Senate Floor Action (part 1)	Unlike the House, Senate procedures permit members to speak on the floor as long as they wish A filibuster is a way of delaying or preventing action on a bill by using long speeches and unlimited debate to "talk a bill to death."
99) Senate Floor Action (part 2)	60-vote majority so they can invoke cloture to end a filibuster and then pass their bill
100) the __________ _________ is comprised of members from the original House and Senate committees	Conference committee
101) Where the conference committee bill is returned to?	Chamber vote
102) Members of Congress cast votes that reflect the preference of the ...	majority constituents
103) In the trustee model	member of Congress use their best judgment to make policy in the people
104) In the politico model	members of Congress act as delegates or trustee depending on the issue
105) Oversee	monitor, watch the Executive Branch
106) Oversight	refers to congressional review of the activities of an executive agency
107) special oversight (Senate)	confirming cabinet heads and presidential appointments to the federal courts
108) Methods of congressional oversight include:	Setting guidelines for new agencies Holding hearings and conducting investigations Using budget control Reorganizing an agency Evaluating An agency's programs
109) The constitutional division of power	Congress has the power to declare war. The Senate has the power to ratify treaties
110) The Powers Resolution	passed in 1970s designed to ensure that Congress had a greater voice in presidential decisions committing military forces to hostile situations overseas.
111) Legislative role	to make laws
112) Representative role	be the voice of the ppl (constituents)
113) Constituent role	help constituents work w/ fed gov
114) Oversight role	oversees the executive branch/federal agencies for wrongdoing
115) House Rules Committee	determines rules/ time limits for debate of bill on the floor
116) Ways and Means Committee	considers tax bills. (tax bills must start in the HOR, be passed and then go to the Senate)
117) Appropriate Committee	determine funding for the federal agencies and programs
118) Filibustering (Senate)	is easier than cloture
119) Only ## senators needed to filibuster	40
120) ## for cloture	60
121) Are evenly split between Dems and Reps	Yes we are
122) #/# majority for bill's passage is way hard	2/3
123) ________ is set up that way	Congress
124) What was viewed by the Framers as possibly tyrannical	Quick Action by Congress
125) Personal and Political Background	Not representative of American people
126) Average member of Congress is...	white males in mid-50s
127) Most are ...	Married with children
128) Most are ...	members of Christian church
129) Most are ...	lawyer
130) Others have ...	business, education, agriculture, journalism, professional politics backgroud
131) Who wins Elections?	Incumbents
132) Incumbents	Those already holding office
133) Delegates: Representational View	Voting what the constituents want: Civil rights Social Welfare Messages from voters is clear NOT foreign policy
134) Partisan: Organizational View	Party line Peers Republic Study Committee Democratic Study Group
135) Trustees: Attitudinal View	Holders of the public trust Ideology of elected official *House more in tune with public Senators more extreme

Created by: 1314loganjett

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