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Human Body
Question | Answer |
---|---|
skeletal system | consists of bones as well as other structures that connect and protect your bones and that support other functions in the body. |
function of skeletal system | movement and support |
function of the skeletal system | produces blood |
function of the skeletal system | stores minerals |
function of the skeletal system | protects organs |
major types of bone | spongy, compact, periosteum, and bone marrow |
joints | where two bones meet. Some are movable and some are immovable. |
muscular system | contains muscles which are important for movement, protection, stability, and maintaining body temperature |
function of the muscular system | movement, protections, stability, balance |
function of the muscular system | makes the heart beat causing blood to flow |
function of the muscular system | maintains body temperature |
voluntary muscles | muscles that are consiously controlled |
involuntary muscles | muscles that cannot be consicously controlled |
skin | the largest organ of the human body |
integumentary system | the external coverings of the body such as: skin, hair, and nails |
function of skin | covers and protects bones and muscles |
function of skin | holds sensory receptors that detect temperature and pain |
function of skin | produces vitamin D when exposed to the sun |
function of skin | helps maintain body temperature and removes waste by sweating |
digestive system | responsible for processing all food that a person eats through four steps- ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. |
mouth | Mechanical digestion of food begins here |
saliva | contains an enzyme that helps break down carbohydrates |
esophagus | muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach |
stomach | large, hollow organ that stores food for digestion |
small intestine | responsible for chemical digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and fats and moving those nutrients into the blood through small blood vessels in the villi (finger like projections in the small intestine). |
large intestine | water is absorbed. Materials that pass through here are the waste products of digestion. |
liver, pancreas, gall bladder | produce substances that enter the small intestine and help with chemical digestion |
excretory system | collects and eliminates wastes from the body and regulates the level of fluid in the body |
function of the excretory system | eliminates waste to prevent organ damage |
kidney | bean-shaped organ that filters wastes from the blood. They produce urine. |
ureter | Urine leaves each kidney and travels through this tube |
bladder | a muscular sac that holds urine until the urine is excreted. |
urethra | Urine leaves through this tube |
function of the respiratory system | breathing: bringing oxygen into the body for cellular respiration and removing carbon dioxide |
pharynx | tube like passageway at the top of the throat that receives air, food, and liquids from the mouth or nose. |
epiglottis | at the bottom of the pharynx keeps food and liquid out of the rest of the respiratory system. |
larynx | Air passes from the pharynx into this triangle-shaped area |
trachea | 29. From the larynx, air moves into the windpipes or _________________________, a tube that is held open by C-shaped rings of cartilage. |
bronchi | 30. The trachea branches into two narrower tubes called __________________________ that lead into the lungs. |
lungs | are the main organs of the respiratory system. The contain bronchioles and alveoli. |
alveoli | Gas exchange occurs at the surface of the |
diaphragm | the principle muscle of respiration contracts and relaxes as you breathe |
circulatory system | carries food, water, and oxygen, and other materials through the circulatory system to the body’s cell and tissues. Blood also carries waste materials, including carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration. |
heart | muscle that pushes blood through the circulatory system. |
right atrium | Oxygen poor blood flows into the _________________________ from the body |
right ventricle | blood flows from the right atrium into this chamber of the heart and out into the lungs |
left atrium | oxygen rich blood from the lungs travels into this chamber |
left ventricle | pumps oxygen rich blood from the left atrium into the body |
immune system | has many defenses to stop pathogens (disease causing agents such as viruses and bacteria). |
nonspecific defenses of the immune system | 39. Skin, hair-like structures in the nose, mucus, white blood cells, stomach acid, and inflammation protect against more than one type of pathogen |
antibodies | attach to an antigen/pathogen making it harmless |
B cells | form and mature in the bone marrow. The secrete antibodies into the blood. |
T cells | form in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. They produce a protein antibody that becomes part of a cell membrane |
allergy | overly sensitive immune response to common antigens. |
immunity | resistance to specific pathogens |
active immunity | your body encounters a pathogen and produces antibodies to combat it |
passive immunity | the antibodies were produced in a mother and passed to a child or made somewhere outside of the organism |
nervous system | The part of an organism that gathers, processes and responds to information |
central nervous system | brain and the spinal cord |
peripheral nervous system | all neurons outside of the brain and spinal cord |
neurons | nerve cells |
cerebrum | part of the brain that controls memory and thought |
cerebellum | coordinates voluntary muscle movement and regulates balance and posture. |
brain stem | controls involuntary functions |
spinal cord | tube-like structure of neurons. It sends information back and forth between the brain and the rest of the body |
reproductive system | a group of tissues and organs that enables the male and female reproductive cells to join and form new offspring. |
testes | male reproductive organs that produce sperm the sex cells that males produce. |
ovaries | the organ where the female reproductive system produces eggs,which are sex cells produced by females. |
human stages of development | birth, childhood, adolescence, adulthood |
pregnancy | the period of development from fertilized egg to birth. |
zygote | fertilized egg |
embryo | 57. From the time the zygote attaches to the uterus until the end of the eight week of pregnancy |
fetus | Between nine weeks and birth |
infancy | first two years of a newborn’s life is called___________________________. During infancy, the brain continues to develop teeth form, and bones grow and get harder. |
childhood | period after infancy, During which time the brain continues to grow,and the child grows taller. |
adolescence | Males and females grow taller, and the reproductive system matures in this process |
adulthood | end of adolescence through old age. |