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Modern Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A number of human traits are controlled by a single gene with one dominant allele and one recessive allele. THese human have ___ distantly different phenotypes. | two |
| three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait | multiple alleles |
| Some human traits are controlled by a single gene that has ___ than two alleles. | more |
| Human blood type is controlled by a gene with _____ alleles. | multiple |
| There are ____ main blood types. | four |
| A, B, AB, O | blood types |
| Blood type A and Blood Type B have _______ alleles. | codominant. |
| IA IA, IA i | Blood Type A |
| IB IB, IB i | Blood Type B |
| ii | Blood Type O |
| IA IB | Blood Type AB |
| Even though a gene may have multiple alleles, a person can carry only ___ of those alleles because chromosomes exist in _____. Each chromosome in a (blank 2) carries one allele for each gene. | two, pairs |
| Some traits show a large number of phenotypes because the traits are controlled by many _____. | genes |
| The genes act together as a group to produce a _____ ____. | single trait |
| one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in each body cells | sex chromosomes |
| The sex chromosomes carry genes that determine whether a person is _____ or _____. | male, female |
| XX | girl |
| XY | boy |
| Y is ____ than the X chromosome. | smaller |
| All eggs carry _ chromosomes. However, sperms carry _____ so the chances for the X and Y to be used are _____ percent. | both, fifty |
| genes on the X and Y chromosomes whose alleles are passed from parent to child on a sex chromosome | sex-linked genes |
| There is usually no matching allele on the _ chromosome to mask a recessive allele on the other X chromosome. | Y |
| a person who has one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele. this person doesn't have to have the trait, but his or her offspring can if he or she passes it on with the sex chromosome | carrier |
| an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes | genetic disorders |
| Some genetic disorders are caused by ______ in the DNA of genes. Other disorders are caused by changes in the overall strutter or the ____ of chromosomes. | mutations, numbers |
| a genetic disorder in which the body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines. this is caused by a recessive allele on one chromosome and this is the result of a mutation in which three bases are removed from a DNA molecule. | cystic fibrosis |
| disorder that affects hemoglobin & happens if the oxygen concentration is low. the allele is codominant with the normal allele. one who has two alleles will have the disease. one who has 1 normal & 1 with the trait will have normal & abnormal hemoglobin | sickle-cell disease |
| a genetic disorder in which a person's blood closes ver slowly or not at all. recessive allele on X chromosome. sex-linked disorder so more commonly in males | hemophilia |
| a person's cells have an extra copy of chromosome 21. chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis. mental retardation and heart defects | down syndrome |
| a chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait | pedigree |
| a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell | karyotype |
| the process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be parents of the next generation | selective breeding |
| the technique that involves crossing two individuals that have similar characteristics | inbreeding |
| _______ increases the probability that organisms may inherit alleles that lead to genetic disorders | Inbreeding |
| breeders cross two genetically different individuals | hybridization |
| an organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced | clone |
| the process in which genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism | genetic engineering |
| protein bacteria produces through genetic engineering | insulin |
| process that involves inserting copies of a gene directly into a person's cell | gene therapy |
| all the DNA in one cell of an organism | genome |
| The main goal of the ______ _____ ______ has been to identify the DNA sequence of every gene n the human genome. | Human Genome Project |
| a human trait that is controlled by a single gene with multiple alleles is ______. | blood type |
| a sex-linked disorder is ______. | hemophilia |
| What would most likely used to diagnose Down syndrome? | karyotype |
| Inserting a human gene into a bacterial plasmid is an example of ________ _________. | genetic engineering |
| An organism that has the same genes as the organism from which it was produced is called a ____. | clone |
Created by:
stephaniedo