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English Vocab
Some bullshit words I probably already know
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Inductive | using particular examples to reach a general conclusion about something |
| Deductive | using logic or reason to form a conclusion or opinion about something |
| Syllogism | a formal argument in logic that is formed by two statements and a conclusion which must be true if the two statements are true |
| Premise | a building and the area of land that it is on : a statement or idea that is accepted as being true and that is used as the basis of an argument |
| Ethos | the guiding beliefs of a person, group, or organization the distinguishing character, sentiment, moral nature, or guiding beliefs of a person, group, or institution; |
| Pathos | :a quality that causes people to feel sympathy and sadness : an element in experience or in artistic representation evoking pity or compassion : an emotion of sympathetic pity |
| Logos | : the divine wisdom manifest in the creation, government, and redemption of the world and often identified with the second person of the Trinity : reason that in ancient Greek philosophy is the controlling principle in the universe |
| Emotional appeals | Emotional appeal is a logical fallacy, whereby a debater attempts to win an argument by trying to get an emotional reaction from the opponent and audience. |
| Transfer | a : to convey from one person, place, or situation to another : move, shift b : to cause to pass from one to another : transmit c : transform, change : to make over the possession or control of : convey : to print or otherwise copy from one surface |
| Bandwagon appeal | : a popular activity, effort, cause, etc., that attracts growing support : a usually ornate and high wagon for a band of musicians especially in a circus parade : a popular party, faction, or cause that attracts growing support —often used in such phr |
| Ellipsis dots | Ellipsis is a series of dots that usually indicates an intentional omission of a word, sentence, or whole section from a text without altering its original meaning |
| Fallacy | a mistaken belief, esp. one based on unsound argument |
| false dichotomy (Either/ or) | This is a conclusion that oversimplifies the argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices. Example: We can either stop using cars or destroy the earth. |
| Connotation | an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning. |
| Denotation | the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests |
| non sequitur | a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement. |
| generalizations | a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases. EX.Everyone who goes to college is an elitist |
| ad hominem | This is an attack on the character of a person rather than his or her opinions or arguments. EX.Green Peace's strategies aren't effective because they are all dirty, lazy hippies. |
| red herring | This is a diversionary tactic that avoids the key issues, often by avoiding opposing arguments rather than addressing them. EX. The level of mercury in seafood may be unsafe, but what will fishers do to support their families? |
| straw man | This move oversimplifies an opponent's viewpoint and then attacks that hollow argument. EX. People who don't support the proposed state minimum wage increase hate the poor. |
| stereotype | The general beliefs that we use to categorize people, objects, and events while assuming those beliefs are accurate generalizations of the whole group. |
| false analogy | A false analogy is a rhetorical fallacy that uses an analogy (comparing objects or ideas with similar characteristics) to support an argument, but the conclusion made by it is not supported by the analogy due to the differences between the two objects. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc | Latin for "It happened after,so it was caused by." Similar to a non sequitur, but time dependent.(e.g. She got sick after she visited China, so something in China caused her sickness.) |
| begging the question | "Begging the question" is a form of logical fallacy in which a statement or claim is assumed to be true without evidence other than the statement or claim itself. |
| slippery slope | This is a conclusion based on the premise that if A happens, then eventually through a series of small steps, through B, C,..., X, Y, Z will happen, too, basically equating A and Z. So, if we don't want Z to occur, A must not be allowed to occur either. |
| misleading statistics | Misleading statistics refers to the presentation of wrong research data which in turn gives wrong guidance. This can be done intentionally to favor a certain situation or can be unintentional error. |
| misleading quotations | Misleading quotation refers to the wrongful use of a quote, to help an argument. This can lead to wrong guidance. |
Created by:
DrCooper
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