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DNA

TermDefinition
asexual reproduction when a new organism is formed from one parent
asexual reproduction examples 1. one celled organisms splitting in half to make two 2. a parent organism grows a bud organism that eventually can live on its own
sexual reproduction a new organism is formed when sex cells from two parents join during fertilization
sexual reproduction examples 1. animals mating 2. a flower being pollinated to produce seeds
mitosis when a cell and its nucleus split to form two identical cells
mitosis happens when... 1. one-celled organisms split to reproduce 2. organisms reproduce through the process of budding 3. cells in a body are being replaced due to damage (healing a cut) 4. an organism is growing
meiosis when sex cells and their nucleus split and produce new cells
meiosis happens when... new sperm (male sex cells) or egg (female sex cells) are formed in a plant or animal that reproduces sexually
mitosis occurs in... regular cells
meiosis occurs in... sex cells
mitosis: new cells are... identical and contain the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
meiosis: news cells end up with... half the number of chromosomes as the original cells, not identical to the original
mitosis: cells divide... once--one cell divides into two new cells
meiosis: cell divides... twice--one cell divides into four new cells
mitosis: _______ steps to divide less
meiosis: _______ steps to divide more
DNA a chemical molecule containing the genetic information in cells
DNA is made up of... four types of bases that always pair up with the same kind
the bases are... adenine, thymine, guanine, and cystosine
adenine pairs with... thymine
guanine pairs with... cystosine
when cells divide, the DNA... splits in half and new strands are produced to fill in the missing half--the two new cells have identical DNA
replication DNA makes a copy of itself
RNA molecule that helps to copy the DNA's genetic code and reproduce it in the new strands
RNA is a type of... protein synthesis
messenger RNA (mRNA) what the genetic code on the DNA is copied onto (this is called transcription)
after the code is copied onto the mRNA... the mRNA leaves the nucleus, the new proteins are made by the ribosome for the DNA using the copy (this is called translation)
mutations a difference in an organism, compared to how it would normally have been
mutation examples six-toed cat or having two different eye colors
mutations are caused when... a cell produces an incorrect protein during protein synthesis, as the cell is copying the DNA
steps of DNA replication 1. DNA splits in half 2. RNA copies the genetic code of the DNA onto itself 3. mRNA leaves the nucleus to the ribosome 4. ribosome makes the proteins 5. proteins go back to the DNA
shape of the DNA double helix
DNA stands for... deoxyribonucleic acid
the rungs of the DNA are made up of... bases
Created by: 1301610
 

 



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