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G&D Adolescent
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adolescence consists of early,_____, and late periods. | middle |
| Adolescents consists of _____, pubertal, and postpubertal. | prepubertal |
| _____ is the state of physical development when secondary sex characteristics begin to appear. | Puberty |
| _____ is the maximum annual rate of growth in height during the AGS | Peak height velocity |
| Very few females grow > 2 inch. after _____. | menarche |
| _____ reach PHV at 13, most_____ do not grow in height after 18 or 20 years of age. | males |
| The age when _____ begins and how long adolescence lasts varies individually and cross-culturally | puberty |
| _____ period when weight gain is the most rapid. | Peak weight velocity |
| Diet, gastric motility, exercise, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and hereditary factors can affect adolescent ____ gain. | weight |
| ____ for females occurs about 6 months after PHV | Peak weight velocity |
| _____ and Apocrine glands mature, leading to increased amounts of, and a distinct odor, to perspiration | Eccrine |
| ____ in females stimulates ovarian follicle growth and estrogen production | FSH |
| _____ promotes epiphyseal maturation, which in turn inhibits long bone growth, causes breast changes, including enlargement and darkening of the nippl | Estrogen |
| _____ prepares uterus to accept a fetus and maintain a pregnancy. | Progesteron |
| _____ causes changes in musculoskeletal system and stimulates epiphyseal maturation which then inhibits long bone growth. | Testosterone |
| FSH in____, is responsible for sperm production and maturation of seminiferous tubules | males |
| In females the____stages describe breast and pubic hair growth | tanner |
| First sign of female sexual maturation is _____ development, may not be symmetrical. | breast |
| Adolescent females can become_____after first menstrual period. | pregnant |
| _____indicates puberty and sexual maturity, most will see it as proof they are women, but can view it as burden since they are unable to control their bodies. | Menarche |
| Puberty is considered____if sexual maturation has not occurred by age 13, if the menarche has not started by age 16, or if menarche does not occur within 5 yrs. of the onset of puberty. | delayed |
| 60% of males experience gynecomastia and many after 14 experience_____ emissions, may feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. | nocturnal - Reassure boys that many adolescents experience temporary breast enlargement and nocturnal emissions. These situations are normal and will disappear as they progress through puberty. |
| Nurses must acknowledge that confidentiality and ____ can be important issues for adolescents. | trust |
| The____almost doubles in weight and increases in size by about one half | heart |
| Growth of system is slower compared to other body systems and the pumping mechanism is somewhat inefficient, may be one cause of fatigue and symptoms of inadequate oxygenation. | Cardiorespiratory |
| ____ have slightly lower systolic BP and slightly higher HR and body temp. | Females |
| RBC mass and Hgb concentrations increase, WBCs ____ in both genders. | decreases |
| Plt. count and _____ rates increase in females. | sedimentation |
| Hct. and blood ____ increase in males | volume |
| There is an increase in ____ matter and myelination in the brain. | white |
| ________ is a time of rapid growth in muscle mass, weight, and height. | Adolescence |
| ____ is necessary for final body growth and sexual maturation in adolescents. | Zinc |
| ____ intake should be increased to meet normally expanding blood volume needs and the increase in lean body mass in adolescents. | Iron |
| Cortical gray matter begins to decrease at about 11 in girls, and 12 in boys as a result of a "____" process that occurs | pruning |
| Adolescents respond with ____ reactions to emotional stimuli. | gut |
| Three issues related to nutrition in adolescents are: obesity,________ nervosa, and _______ nervosa. | anorexia, bulimia |
| By 21, all 32 permanent____have erupted | teeth |
| _____ acidity and capacity increases up to 1500ml | Gastric |
| Two major tasks for adolescents are figuring out___they are ___ their unique place is in the world. | who and what |
| According to Freud, the sexual instinct, the___, is most important in establishing individual's psychological makeup or personality | id |
| ____encompasses positive or negative feelings, and the self perception of physical attractiveness. | Body image |
| Constant changes in weight, height, body hair, feet, developing sex organs etc. present the adolescent with new challenges, both___and___, that affect his/her body image. | real,imagined |
| Females tend to be more dissatisfied with their____appearance | physical |
| Most adolescents look to the____ideal valued by their society in regards to body image. | cultural |
| Pubertal timing has a greater influence on behavioral and emotional problems than the actual____ to puberty itself. | transition |
| Adjusting to their physical development and body___is more difficult for adolescents whose body is on a different schedule from their peers. | image |
| On average,____maturing males and females are shorter than their later maturing counterparts. | early |
| ______ obesity is an important risk factor because of child-parent modeling and genetics. | Parental |
| During adolescents dental visits occur _____ a year. | twice |
| Adolescents need approximately __ hours of sleep per night. | 8 |
| Accident ______ and safety ________ programs are extremely important for the adolescent. | prevention, promotion |
| Adolescents should participate in sports according to ____ rather than according to chronological age. | size |
| Two risky behaviors that affect the health and well-being of adolescents include _______ abuse and _______. | substance, smoking |
| Two risks associated with adolescent pregnancies are ___ birth weight, and neonatal _____. | low, death |
| Caregivers should limit all media use to no more than __ to __ hours per day. | 1 to 2 |
| For boys, early____is associated with more favorable social status, greater popularity, and greater self perceptions of positive affection, attention, feeling strong, and being in love. | maturation |
| ____ ability is most valued for boys. | Physical |
| Early maturation in males may lead them to be involved sooner in delinquency and____use and abuse. | alcohol |
| Early maturation for females is associated with greater____to social pressures leading to problems in social adjustment | vulnerability |
| According to Erikson, the major task of adolescence is establishing____ | identity |
| When adolescents have a strong sense of____, their actions will be more self-determined and they will have a more secure sense of who they are, and how they are similar to, and different from, those around them. | identity |
| ____achievement indicates individuals have experienced a process of exploration and established a relatively firm set of commitments | Identity |
| _____ individuals demonstrate a strong sense of commitment, but have not explored the principles upon which their commitments are based(borrowed ideologies or career aspirations from parents) | Foreclosed |
| Identity____ refers to individuals who have not experienced any active exploration nor made a commitment to any ideological or occupational direction. (less mature and more likely to follow fads or trends) | diffusion |
| ____ indicates individuals are currently exploring or questioning different occupational or ideological choices, but have yet to establish a firm set of commitments | Moratorium |
| Middle-adolescence begin to recognize____ in their self definitions | contradictions |
| Refers to the way we think about ourselves as either male or female, and is culmination of biological makeup, personal and social expectations, and recommendations about how males and females should think and behave | Gender identity |
| Ads. are more____ in their gender attitudes and behavior compared to older children or adults.(referred to as the gender intensification hypothesis) | traditional |
| Ads. are in Erikson's 6th stage known as ___ | intimacy v. isolation |
| Ads. are able to commit themselves intimately to another person once they have____a sense of who they are. | achieved |
| Piaget's stage of_____ - most distinct feature of young people's thinking is that they can now consider what is possible rather than just what is real. (Abstract thinking) | formal operations |
| Language development - understand the more ____ metaphorical meaning, find joy in the double meaning of puns, satire, and parodies. | abstract Can also appreciate irony |
| Which age group needs opportunities to explore reasons for diff. religious and political values, attitudes about sexuality and social responsibility, or explanations about injustices they see? | Adolescents |
| Conflicts between caregivers and adolescents may be related to generational differences in ________, beliefs, and ______ during a time of major transitions. | attitudes, values |
| Adolescents between the ages of 11 - 14, have negative, confrontational or avoidant, and reactive conflicts with parents. | 11-14 |
| Adolescent daughters of divorced parents have maternal conflicts, lower ____-______, and difficulties in __________ relationships. | self-esteem, heterosextual |
| Adolescent _______ struggle more as divorce approaches, while adolescent ______ struggle more after divorce has occurred. | females, males |
| Adjustment problems are greater when both parents have _______ from previous marriage. | children |
| Older siblings can provide _______or _______ modeling for younger siblings. | positive, negative |
| Only children tend to have a fairly ____sense of self-esteem and __________ compared with those with siblings. | high,achievement |
| ___________ ____ is the most fundamental peer relation and the one most likely to be based on similar interests and emotional support. | Friendship dyad |
| A ______ is comprised of a small group of peers who regularly interact with another and who generally exhibit a strong sense of shared closeness. Constitute an alternative family structure outside of home. | clique |
| A _____ is an association of two to four cliques in which relations are less intimate than in the smaller groups (preps, jocks, nerds etc. ) | crowd |
| Adolescents' peer _____ and the _______ of their friendships affect their general well-being. | status, quality |
| _________ or culture appear to be important in determining who adolescents select as friends. | Ethnicity |
| According to Lev Vygotsky,____development in ads, can be coached to achieve their potential and reach higher understanding | cognitive |
| _____ consists of tasks too difficult for individuals to master alone, but which can be mastered with the guidance and assistance of adults or more skilled peers. | Zone of proximal development |
| ____level in zone of proximal development is the problem solving reached by adolescent working independently | Lower |
| Upper level in ____ of additional understanding that can be reached with assistance | zone of proximal development |
| According to Elkind,____ refers to the adolescents' beliefs of always being on stage | imaginary audience |
| When adolescents have an exaggerated notion of their own uniqueness, it is known as ____ | Personal fable |
| Adolescents' personal uniqueness are expressed in an extreme sense of _____ ("you just don't understand) and belief they are immortals. | isolation |
| During adolescence, ___ person perspective becomes possible | third |
| In ads., best____ are based on high expectations regarding uniformity in dress, interests, and activities, and individual differences are considered___ to friendship | friendships, threats |
| Many adolescents fit into the ________ region where there is a sense of tentative belonging and a desire to become part of the core. (wannabes) - most vulnerable to peer influence due to insecure position in the group. | peripheral |
| Adolescents turn to _____ for support to attempt to fill void left by parents lack of support and involvement. | peers |
| Caregivers can directly influence peer relationships through design, ______, supervise, and ______. | mediate, advise |
| Dating begins around age __ and __ for girls, and __and __for boys. | 12 and 13, 13 and 14 |
| ______ ______ is what is expected of them and from dating partners. | Dating scripts |
| Class _______, chronic ___________, and other kinds of school avoidance need in-depth assessment because they may indicate an underlying mental health problem. | skipping, absenteeism |
| Moral development arises out of the individual's fear of ____ as a result of his or her inability to control unconscious impulses. | rejection |
| Adopt rules and prohibitions defined by ___ generally, and their ___ specifically. | society, parents |
| Caregivers expect adolescents to act more like adults; adolescents may not act more mature yet, expect to be treated more like ____ | adults |
| In adolescence, onset of puberty and ____ changes can result in conflicts with parents | hormonal |
| "___ ___ __________" is where students move from the top position in elementary to the lowest position in middle school. | "Top dog phenomenon" |
| Three stages of career exploration:_______(until age 11) , _________(11 -16), and _________. | Fantasy, Tentative, Realistic |
| The _______ stage of career exploration is where careers opportunities are limited only by children's imagination. | fantasy |
| The _________ stage of career exploration is where the child begins to consider how they might fit in with the various career options they are interested in. | tentative |
| The ________ stage of career exploration is where the child extensively explore available careers and the steps required to enter their chosen career. | realistic |
| _______ have greater influence on types of career paths adolescents are likely to choose. | Parents |
| If caregivers are not sensitive to adolescents' desires to test their newly found cognitive skills, ads. are likely to be perceived as____. | defiant |
| Parental____ refers to degree to which parents are responsive to their children's needs in an accepting, supportive manner. | responsiveness |
| Parental____ is extent to which parents expect and demand mature, responsible behavior from their children. | demandingness |
| Ads. from ____ homes tend to be more responsible, self-assured, and creative. (parents are demanding and responsive) | authoritative |
| Ads. from ____ homes are more impulsive and more likely to be involved in delinquent behavior | indifferent |
| ____ parental control can diminish ad's. sense of identity, and are less confident with facing the world. (can lead to conflicts with ads.) | Psychological |
| In _____ parental control, ads. are less likely to participate in antisocial behaviors | behavioral |
| Parent's task is to recognize the normalcy of ad's. need to push away and explore the world, while letting them know there is still a secure home to return to if the world becomes too frightening. This is known as? | Attachment & autonomy |
Created by:
pedsgroup