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ABA Midterm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Applied behavior analysis (ABA) | The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior& experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior |
| Baseline | A condition of an experiment in which the IV isn't present. data obtained here is used to determine the effects of the IV |
| Behavior | The activity of living organisms. Human behavior- everything that people do. |
| Science | A systematic approach to the understanding of natural phenomena. Relies on determinism for fundamental assumption, empiricism for primary rule, experimentation for basic strategy, replication for believability, parsimony for value & philosophic doubt |
| Attitudes of Science | determinism, empiricism, experimentation, replication, parsimony, and philosophic doubt. |
| Three levels of scientific understanding | description, prediction, and control |
| Descriptive knowledge | Consists of a collection of facts about an observed event that can be quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations to other known facts |
| Prediction | Occurs when repeated observations reveal that two events consistently covary each other. This correlation can lead to a prediction of the occurrence of one event based on the occurrence of another |
| Control | Highest level of scientific understanding. Leads to a functional relationship ( when a specific change to one event can reliably lead to a change in another event) |
| Determinism | Science is predicted on the assumption of it. Presume that the universe is lawful and orderly place in which all phenomena occur as the result of other events. |
| Empiricism | scientific knowledge is built on, above all, this. The practice of objective observation on the phenomena of interest. |
| Experimentation | The basic strategy of most sciences. experiment: a carefully conducted comparison of some measure of phenomena of interest(DV) under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time (IV) differs from one condition to the next |
| Replication | The repeating of experiments (as well as repeating IV conditions within experiments to determine reliability and usefulness. |
| Parsimony | Requires that all simple, logical explanations for the phenomna under investigation (experimentally or logically) before more complex/abstact explanations are checked first |
| Philosophic Doubt | Requires the scientist to continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact. Scientific knowledge must always be viewed as tentative |
| Three major branches of behavior analysis | Behaviorism (the philosophy), experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) (the basic research), and applied behavior analysis (ABA) (developing a technology for improving behavior) |
| hypothetical constructs | presumed but unobserved entities that could not be manipulated in an experiment |
| Defining Characteristic of ABA | applied, behavioral, analytic, technological, conceptually systematic, effective, and have generality |
| Applied | means ABA's commitment to affecting improvements in behaviors that enhance and improve people's lives. To meet criterion- must select behaviors to change that are socially significant for participants to improve their day-to-day lives |
| Behavioral | Behavior chosen must be the behavior in need of improvement, must be measurable, and must analysis whose behavior actually changed if there is a change in behavior |
| Analytic | experimenter has to demonstrate a functional relation between the manipulated events and a reliable change in some measurable dimension of the targeted behavior. Must be able to control the occurrence and nonoccurence of the behavior |
| Technological | When all of its operative procedures are identified and described 2i5h sufficient detail & clarity |
| Conceptually systematic | The procedures for changing behavior and any interpretations of how or why these procedures were effective should be described in terms of the relevant principle from which they were derived |
| Effective | It must improve the behavior under investigation to a practical degree |
| Generality | When it lasts over time, appears in environments other than the one where the intervention was implemented, and/or spreads to other behaviors not being directly treated by the interventions |
| Radical behaviorism | Skinner, wanted to understand all human behavior, both external and observable behavior and internal "private events" |
| Methodological behaviorism | Acknowledge the existence of mental events but do not consider them in the analysis of behavior |
| Response | "action of an organism's effector" A specific instance of behavior |
| Response class | A group of responses with the same function (each response in the group produces the same effect on the environment |
| Stimulus class | any group of stimuli sharing a predetermined set of common elements in one or more of these dimensions (formally-physical dimensions, temporally- when they occur in respect to the behavior, or functionally- effect on the behavior) |
| Antecedent | environmental conditions or stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest |
| Consequence | A stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest. Some can influence future behaviors, others have no effect |
| Respondent behavior | behavior that is elicited by antecedent stimuli. Induced, or brought on, by a stimulus that proceeds it. |
| Habituation | process of gradually diminishing response strength |
| Operant behavior | any behavior whose future frequency is determined primarily by its history of consequences. Operant behavior is selected, shaped, and maintained by the consequences that have followed in the past |
| Operant Conditioning | the process and selective effects of consequences on behavior. a functional consequence is a stimulus change that follows a given behavior in a relatively immediate sequence & alters the frequency of that type of behavior in the future |
| Reinforcer | A stimulus change that increases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions |
| Punisher | A stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of the behavior that immediately proceeds it |
| Reliability (of measurement) | refers to the consistency of measurement, specifically, the extent to which repeated measurement of the same event yields the same values |
| Validity (of measurement) | The extent to which data obtained from measurement are directly relevant to the target behavior of interest & to the reason for measuring it |
| Accuracy (of measurement) | The extent to which observed values, the data produced by measuring an event, match the true state, or true values, of the event as it exists in nature |
| Prediction | A statement of the anticipated outcome of a presently unknown or future measurement; one of three components of the experimental reasoning, or baseline logic, used in single-subject research designs |
| Replication | repeating conditions within experiment an experiment to determine the reliability of effects and increase internal validity |
| Verification | accomplished by demonstrating that prior level of baseline responding would have remained unchanged has the IV not been introduced. |
Created by:
roseh2