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poetry terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Elegy | A lyric poem that laments the dead.Example: W.H. Auden's "In Memory of William Butler Yeats" and his "Funeral Blues |
| Ode (hymn) | A long, stately poem in stanzas of varied length, meter, and form. Ex)Horace's "Eheu fugaces" |
| Lyric | A type of poem characterized by brevity, compression, and the expression of feeling. |
| diction | The selection of words in a literary work. A work's diction forms one of its centrally important literary elements, as writers use words to convey action, reveal character, imply attitudes, identify themes, and suggest values. |
| Tone | The implied attitude of a writer toward the subject and characters of a work, as, for example, Flannery O'Connor's ironic tone in her "Good Country People." |
| Figures of Speech vs. Literal Language | |
| Simile | A figure of speech involving a comparison between unlike things using like, as, or as though. An example: "My love is like a red, red rose." |
| Metaphor | A comparison between essentially unlike things without an explicitly comparative word such as like or as. An example is "My love is a red, red rose," |
| Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole. An example: "Lend me a hand." |
| Apostrophe | |
| Personification | The endowment of inanimate objects or abstract concepts with animate or living qualities. An example: "The yellow leaves flaunted their color gaily in the breeze. |
| Hyperbole | A figure of speech involving exaggeration. |
| Paradox | a statement or proposition that, despite sound (or apparently sound) reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory. |
| Imagery | The pattern of related comparative aspects of language, particularly of images, in a literary work. |
| Symbol- both natural and conventional | An object or action in a literary work that means more than itself, that stands for something beyond itself. |
| Rhythm | The recurrence of accent or stress in lines of verse. |
| Meter | The measured pattern of rhythmic accents in poems. |
| Foot | A metrical unit composed of stressed and unstressed syllables. |
| iam (iambic) | An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one, as in to-DAY. |
| Rhyme | The matching of final vowel or consonant sounds in two or more words. |
| Perfect/ exact rhyme | |
| End Rhyme | End rhyme is the most common type of rhyme in English poetry. It is when the words at the end of a line in a poem rhyme. |
| Internal Rhyme | a rhyme involving a word in the middle of a line and another at the end of the line or in the middle of the next. |
| Alliteration | The repetition of consonant sounds, especially at the beginning of words. |
| Assonance | The repetition of similar vowel sounds in a sentence or a line of poetry or prose |
| Consonance | refers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase. |
| Onomatopoeia | The use of words to imitate the sounds they describe. Words such as buzz and crack are onomatopoetic. |
| Stanza | A division or unit of a poem that is repeated in the same form--either with similar or identical patterns or rhyme and meter, or with variations from one stanza to another. |
| Verse | formally a single metrical line in a poetic composition. |
| Couplet | A pair of rhymed lines that may or may not constitute a separate stanza in a poem. (2 lines) |
| Quatrain | A four-line stanza in a poem |
| Sonnet: Italian(petrarchan) and English(Shakespearean) | A fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter. The English sonnet is arranged as three quatrains and a final couplet, rhyming abab cdcd efef gg. The Italian sonnet divides into two parts: an eight-line octave and a six-line sestet. |
| Blank Verse | A line of poetry or prose in unrhymed iambic pentameter. |
| Free verse | Poetry without a regular pattern of meter or rhyme. The verse is "free" in not being bound by earlier poetic conventions requiring poems to adhere to an explicit and identifiable meter and rhyme scheme in a form such as the sonnet or ballad. |
| Prose Poem | a piece of writing in prose having obvious poetic qualities, including intensity, compactness, prominent rhythms, and imagery. |
| Ballad | A narrative poem written in four-line stanzas, characterized by swift action and narrated in a direct style. |
| Caesura | A strong pause within a line of verse. |
| Closed and Open Form | CLOSED: A type of form or structure in poetry characterized by regularity and consistency. OPEN: A type of structure or form in poetry characterized by freedom from regularity and consistency in such elements as rhyme, line length, metrical pattern. |
| Enjambment | A run-on line of poetry in which logical and grammatical sense carries over from one line into the next. An enjambed line differs from an end-stopped line in which the grammatical and logical sense is completed within the line. |
| Syntax | The grammatical order of words in a sentence or line of verse or dialogue. The organization of words and phrases and clauses in sentences of prose, verse, and dialogue. |
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nehagolakia