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enlightenment
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Status group | estate |
| Merchants,bankers, industrialists, professionals | bourgeoisie |
| France's chief tax | taille |
| "Without breeches", members of the Paris commune | Sans-culottes |
| Popularly run city council | Commune |
| Armory and prison | Bastille |
| places earth at the center of the universe | Geocentric |
| Native of Poland, "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres",Thought of heliocentric | Nicolaus Copernicus |
| Sun-centered | Heliocentric |
| German mathematician,showed elliptical orbits, | Johannes Kepler |
| First to use telescope,showed sunspots, mountains on the moon, 4 moons revolving Jupiter, "the Starry Messenger | Galileo Galilei |
| Attended Cambridge University, "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", Created universal law of gravitation | Isaac Newton |
| Explains why the planetary bodies continue their elliptical orbits around the sun. | universal law of gravitation |
| Female scientist, "Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy", believed that humans were the masters of nature | Margret Cavendish |
| Female astronomer from Germany, helped discover the comet. | Maria Winkleman |
| French philosopher, "Discourse on Method", wondered about his own existence. 'I think, therefore I am'. Used doubt and reasoning, created separation of mind and matter, Created rationalism | René Descartes |
| A system of thought that is based on the belief that reason is chief source of knowledge. | Rationalism |
| A systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence. | scientific method |
| Developed the scientific method, believed that scientists should use inductive reasoning | Francis Bacon |
| Proceeding from the particular to the general | Inductive reasoning |
| "Essay Concerning Human Understanding", believed that everybody was born with a blank mind, used senses from the surrounding world | John Locke |
| french word for philosopher | Philosophe |
| French noble, "Spirit of the Laws", identified three basic kinds of governments, stated that England's government has three branches | Montesquieu |
| The executive, legislative, and judicial powers of the government limit and control each other in a system of checks and balances. | Separation of powers |
| A parisian, "Treatise on Toleration", known for his belief in religious toleration, championed deism | Voltaire |
| an eighteenth-century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law. | Deism |
| Writer, "Encyclopedia", "Classified Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Trades | Denis Diderot |
| "to let the people do what they want", separation of economy and state. | Laissez-faire |
| "The wealth of nations", Gave government three basic roles | Adam Smith |
| " On Crimes and Punishments", argued that punishments should not be exercises in brutally, opposed capital punishment | Cesare Beccaria |
| "Discourse on the Origins of the Inequality of Mankind"," The Social Contract", "Émile | Jean- Jacques Rousseau |
| An english writer, advanced the strongest statement for the rights of women, "A vindication of the Rights of women" | Mary Wollstonecraft |
| The capital of France | Paris |
| The capital of England | London |
| Elegant drawing rooms of the wealthy upper class's great urban houses, where Enlightenment ideas were shared. | Salons |
| Anglican minister, created methodism | John Wesley |
| rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their royal powers | Enlightened Absolutism |
| Frederick 2nd, dedicated at well educated ruler | Frederick the Great |
| Worked to centralize and straighten the state, empress of the austrian empire | maria Theresa |
| Ruled russia from 1762-1796, Catherine 2nd, | Catherine the Great |
| one of the greatest architects of the eighteenth century, 'The Church of 14 Saints', 'the Residence' | Balthasar Neumann |
| emphasized grace,charm, and gentle action, was highly secular, spoke in the pursuit of pleasure, happiness, and love | Rococo |
| showed a world of upper class pleasure and joy, underneath the exterior shows sadness, "Embarkation for Cythera" | Antoine Watteau |
| brought fresco painting to new heights of dramatic effect with numerous active figures that are ranged in vivid pastels across vast, airy spaces. | Giovanni Battista Tiepolo |
| "Mass in B Minor", renowned organist as well as a composer who spent his entire life in Germany | Bach |
| A German who spent his whole career in England, known for his religious music, "Messiah" | Handel |
| spent most of adult life as musical director for wealthy Hungarian princes, "The Seasons, " The Creation" | Haydn |
| Was truly a child prodigy, "The marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute, Don Giovanni | Mozart |
| english writer who wrote novels about people without morals who survive by their wits, "The History of Tom Jones, "A Foundling" | Henry Fielding |
Created by:
tessa320