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ANATOMY TEST 3 CH 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the skeleton, skeleton system composed of bones, joints, cartilages and ligaments accounts for about __% of body ass: | 20% |
| the AXIAL skeleton has ___ bones segregated into 3 major regions: | 80 |
| the 3 major regions in the axial skeleton are: | skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage |
| the body's most complex bony structure is the ___: | skull |
| the cranium's job is to do what: | enclose and protect the brain |
| FACIAL bones are supposed to: | supply framework for face, sense organs, & teeth, provide openings for passage of air/food, anchor the facial mmuscles of expression |
| there are ___ cranial bones: | 8 |
| what are the 8 cranial bones: | 2 parietal, 2 temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid |
| The frontal bone, aka the ___ bone, contains what 2 major markings | the forehead bone contains: supraorbital and glabella |
| Parietal bones include what 4 major SUTURES: | coronal suture, sagittal suture, lambdoid suture, squamous suture |
| The occipital bone has major markings including the __ & __: | foramen magnum & occipital condyles |
| The temporal bones contain what two structures: | the middle and inner ear structures |
| what two markings are listed for temporal bones: | mastoid process & external auditory meatus zygomatic process |
| The ____ Portion is a wedge shaped process that is the location of the middle and inner ear strutures for temporal bones: | PETROUS portion |
| Sphenoid bone: | butterfly shaped, articulated with all other cranial bones |
| major markings fo the sphenoid bone includes: | greater wings, lesser wings, sella turcica (turks saddle) and contains the pituitary gland |
| what are the major openings of the sphenoid bone: | optic foramen, superior orbital fissure |
| The most DEEP bone of the skull is the : | Ethmoid bone |
| the bony area between the nasal cavity and the orbits is the : | ethmoid bone |
| Major markings of the Ethmoid bone includes: | crista galli & superior and middle turbinates (conchae) |
| Tiny irregular shaped bones that appear within sutures are: | Wormian bones/sutural bones |
| How many bones make up the facial skeleton?: | 14 facial bones |
| What bone is the largest and strongest bone of the face: | The MANDIBLE (lower jaw bone) |
| Mandible is the ___ bone: | lower jaw bone |
| the major markings of the mandible, the lower jaw bone is: | body, ramus, aveolar process, mandibular foramen, mental foramen |
| ___ bones make up the UPPER part of the jaw bone: | maxillary bones |
| major markings of the maxillary include: | palatine process, alveolar process, and infraorbital foramen |
| The cheek bones, or ___ bones, are irregularly shaped bones: | ZYGOMATIC bones |
| ____ are bony cavities in which the eyes are firmly encased and cushioned by fatty tissue: | ORBITS |
| Other facial bones: | nasal, lacrimal, palatine, volmer, inferior nasal conchae |
| The walls of orbits are formed by 7 bones: | frontal, sphenoid, palatine, maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, and ethmoid |
| the Paranasal sinuses are found in ___ skull bones, and are air-filled mucosa-lined sacs: | 5 skull bones (frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and paired maxillary bones |
| mucus drains how in the nasal cavity: | air enters the paranasal sinuses from the nasal cavity and it drains into the skull and enhances the resonance of the voice |
| Is the hyoid bone really part of the skull? | no, not actually part of the skull |
| the hyoid bone is the only bone of the body that does not ____: | articulate |
| the hyoid bone is the: | attachment point for neck muslces raising and lowering the larynx during swallowing/speech |
| the Vertebral Column includes which 5 regions: | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx |
| the spine, spinal column, vertebral column, consists of ___ irregular bones: | 26 |
| the 7 vertebrae of the neck, the lightest and smallest vertebrae are: | C1-C7 (cervical vertebrae) |
| which cervical vertebrae has no body and no spinouts process (its the 1st): | C-1, the ATLAS |
| the second cervical vertebrae, C-2, is called ___: | the axis |
| in the Thoracic region, there are ___ vertebrae that all articulate to the ribs: | 12 vertebrae |
| the 5 vertebrae all located in the small of the back are: | LUMBAR vertebrae |
| what is an easy way to remember the # of vertebrae in each section: | times you eat: 7AM, 12 noon, and 5PM |
| the 5 fused vertebrae that lie below the lumbar regions and shape the posterior wall of the pelvis is: | Sacrum |
| the ____ or tailbone is made up of 4 fused vertebrae: | Coccyx |
| how to remember the amount in the last two? | 5...then 4 (5+4 = 9, last time to eat of the day, fused, unhealthy) |
| the Bony thorax, or thoracic cage, forms a : | protective cage around the heart |
| The sternum, or ___, is a flat bone that lies in the midline of the thorax: | breastbone |
| There are ___ pair of ribs that form the sides of the thoracic cage: | 12 pai |
| The superior ___ pair attach directly to the sternum via ____: | first 7 attach via COSTAL CARTILAGE |
| RIBS __ - ___ attach indirectly to the sternum via costal cartilage: | 8-10 |
| ribs __-__ are floating ribs and have no anterior attachment: | 11-12 |
| which ribs are considered floating ribs? | 11-12 |
| a typical 'true rib' consists of a: | head, tubercle, body shaft, or costal cartilage |
| what type of bone is a rib? | a bowed, FLAT BONE |
| the 5 pairs of ribs that either attach indirectly to the sternum or entirely lack attachment are called: | FALSE RIBS |
| The bones of the limbs and the girdles make up the ____ skeleton: | the APPENDICULAR skeleton |
| ____ girdles attach the upper limbs to the body trunk, while ___ girdle secures the lower limbs: | pectoral girdles, pelvic girdle |
| the Pectoral (______) girdle, consists of the clavicle and the scapula: | shoulder |
| The clavicles or (_____) provide attachment points for many muscles and are braces to hold the scapulae/arm out laterally away from the body: | collar bones |
| scapulae (_____) are triangular __ bones : | shoulder blades, flat bones |
| markings include the : | spine, acromion process, coracoid process, glenoid cavity |
| the ____ is the long bone of the upper ARM: | humerus |
| the ___ is found at the end of the humerus: | head |
| The major markings of the arm include: | head, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, surgical neck, epicondyles, trochlea, olecranon fossa, coronoid fossa |
| the ulna is the ____ side of the forearm: | little finger side, longer than the radius |
| the ulna forms the major portion of the ___ joint with the ___: | elbow joint with the humerus |
| the major markings of the ulna include: | olecranon process, coronoid process, styloid process, head |
| The radius is the: | thumb side of the forearm |
| the radus' 2 major markings include: | head, styloid process |
| the forearm consists of 2 parallel long bones the: | radius and ulna |
| in the forearm, the __ is slightly longer than the ___: | the unlna is slightly longer than the radius (the ulna has the responsibility for forming the elboy joint w/ the humerus) |
| The Carpus, or ___, is the skeleton of the hand: | wrist |
| the bones of the palm is called the : | metacarpals |
| the bones of the fingers are known as: | palanges |
| Each hand contains ___ miniature long bones called ___ (fingers): | 14 phalanges (fingers) |
| each finger has ___ phalanges: | 3 |
| what are the 3 phalanges in each finger: | distal, middle, proximal |
| the thumb has NO ____: | middle phalanx (part to the phalangy) |
| the pelvic girdle ___ is formed by a pair of hip bones: | hip, os coxae or coxal |
| what all makes up the pelvis?: | Ox coxae, sacrum, and the coccyx |
| the pelvic girdle attached the lower limbs to the ___ skeleton and transmits full weight of upper body to lower body all while supporting the organs of the pelvis: | axial (skeleton) |
| in the os coxae, the ILIUM, is the ___ portion and the ischium is the ___: | upper flaring portion, ischium- lower portion |
| the hip socket is the: | union of the ilium, ishium, and pubis |
| pubic symphysis: | cartilaginous joint between pubic bones |
| the true pelvis, or ___ pelvis) is the space below pelvic brim where pelvic organs are located: | lesser pelvis |
| the false or greater pelvis is the shallow space above pelvic brim that is actually part of the ___ cavity: | (greater pelvis) , abdominal |
| ishial tuverosit: | erect sitting position the body rests on these |
| The ___ pelvis is tilted forward: | female |
| why is the female pelvis tilted forward?: | for childbearing/true pelvis defines birth canal, the cavity is more broad with greater capacity |
| The male pelvis is adapted for: | support of heavier/strong muscles |
| the female pubic arche is ___degrees whereas the male is __-__ degrees: | female = 80-90, male = 50-60 |
| as far as bone thickness, is the female or males bones lighter, thinner, and smoother:? | the females is lighter... |
| The three segments of the lower limb are: | thigh, leg, and foot |
| The thigh, or the ___, is the largest and strongest bone in the body: | femur |
| the femur articulates with: | the hip and the tibia/fibula |
| the major markings of the femur include: | head, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, condyles |
| the Patella, or ____< is the largest sesamoid bone of the body: | knee cap |
| what two bones are located in the leg: | tibia, fibula |
| what connects the tibia and fibula together (membrane): | interosseous membrane |
| what does the tibia and fibula articulate with: | femur, ankle bones, and each other |
| out of the tibia and fibula, which one receives the 'weight of the body': | TIBIA |
| the tibia is known as the ___ bone: | shin bone |
| major markings of the tibia include: | condyles, crest, medial malleolus |
| The ___ is the bone of the lower leg that is stick like (smallest of the two): | fibula |
| The two major markings for the fibula are: | head & lateral malleolus |
| the FOOT includes the: | tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges (toes) |
| what is the purpose/function of the foot: | support body what and propel the body forward in walking/running |
| The tarsus is composed of ___ bones: | 7 bones |
| body weight is carried primarily on: | talus(ankle) and calcaneus (heel bone) |
| talus: | ankle |
| calcaneous: | heel bone |
| The metatarsals are : | 5 long bones that form the "ball of the foot" |
| the phalanges include ___ bones of the toes : | 14 |
| each digit of the toes has 3 phalanges: | except the big two which only had 2, no middle, like the thumb |
| The 'great toe' is the: | big toe |
| developmental aspects of the skeleton: who has more bones in a skull an infant or the adult skull: | an infant skull has more bones |
| fetal skull bones are incomplete and connected by: | fontanels |
| fontanels: | soft spots where ossification incomplete at birth |
| the ___ and ___ are shortened at birth but lengthen with age: | mandible and maxilla |
| As old age sets in, intervertebral disks: | become thin, less hydrate,=d, and less elastic |
| loss of stature is common after age: | 55 |
| all bones eventually, with aging, lose: | mass |
Created by:
lje0002