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A&P Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| basic layers of skin | 1.dermis 2.epidermis |
| epidermis layers of skin | 1.basale 2.spinosum 3.granulosum 4.lucidum 5.corneum |
| dermis layers of skin | contains: Dermal Papillae, Nervous Tissue, Vascular Tissue, Smooth Muscle, Glandular Tissue, Hair Follicle |
| stratum basale | the deepest layer also called Stratum Germinativum. the barrier between the epidermis and dermis |
| stratum spinosum | know as the prickly layer, cells bound together by desmosomes. contains granules and dendritic cells. |
| stratum granulosum | Cells change from cuboidal to squamous epithelium. filled with keratin. apoptosis (cell death) occurs here |
| stratum lucidum | found in the hands and feet. known as the "clear layer" of dead cells |
| Stratum Corneum | Dead cells, surrounded by lipids which prevent fluid loss, containing keratin which gives this layer its structural strength and protection |
| keratinocytes | cells with produce keratin |
| melanocytes | irregularly shaped cells in the basal layer, produces Melanin, a pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color. |
| dermal papillae | peglike projections from it's surface that indent the overlaying epidermis. provides nutrients for the layers above it. |
| Tactile (Merkel) cells | touch receptors |
| melanin | a pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color. produced in melanocytes. |
| carotene | Yellow to orange pigment, most obvious in the palms and soles. vitamin A |
| hemoglobin | Responsible for the pinkish hue of skin contained in red blood cells found in blood cells of the dermis. |
| vitamin D production | |
| Vellus | pale, fine body hair of children and adult females |
| Terminal | coarse, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, axillary, and pubic regions (and face and neck of males) |
| Eccrine (merocrine) | sweat glands, abundant on palms, soles, and forehead, Function in thermoregulation |
| Apocrine sweat glands | confined to axillary and anogenital areas Ducts connect to hair follicles, functional from puberty onward. Sweat onto hair armpits and groin |
| Merocrine | Products are secreted by exocytosis (e.g., pancreas, sweat and salivary glands) |
| Holocrine | Products are secreted by rupture of gland cells (e.g., sebaceous glands) |
| Papillary layer | Areolar (loose) connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels |
| Reticular layer | made up of dense irregular connective tissue |
| Epidermal ridges | Form finger prints, lie atop deeper dermal papillary ridges to form friction ridges of fingerprints from the dermis |
| Cleavage lines | Collagen fibers arranged in bundles form cleavage (tension) lines |
| Nail | Scalelike modification of the epidermis on the distal, dorsal surface of fingers and toes |
| Basal cell carcinoma | Least malignant. stratum basale cells multiply and invade dermis and hypodermis |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | Second most common. originating from keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum |
| Melanoma | Most dangerous, spreads out quickly. melanocytes divide quickly. |
| Characteristics (ABCD rule) | A: Asymmetry; the two sides of the pigmented area do not match B: Border exhibits indentations C: Color is black, brown, tan, and sometimes red or blue D: Diameter is larger than 6 mm (size of a pencil eraser) |
| 1st degree burn | only in the epidermis. redness, slight edema, swelling. no scar. healing time= 1 week |
| 2nd degree burn | affects the epidermis and the dermis. blisters with red, tan or white in color. may or may not get a scar. healing time= 2 weeks or several months. |
| 3rd degree burn | affects the, epidermis, dermis, and the hypodermis. (full thickness burn). black and painless. painful were nerves are still present. will have scar. healing time= from months to years. |
Created by:
vet250rdr