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Chapter 8 - Terms
Biology MND
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA | chromosome |
| a type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells | histone |
| one of the two strands of a chromosome that becomes visible during mitosis or meiosis | chromatid |
| the region of the chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together during mitosis | centromere |
| the material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes; a complex of proteins and DNA strands that are loosely coiled such that translation and transcription can occur | chromatin |
| one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of the individual | sex chromosome |
| any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome | autosome |
| chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis | homologous chromosome |
| a micrograph of the array of chromosomes visible in a cell during metaphase; a graphical display that shows an individuals chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size | karyotype |
| a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes | diploid |
| describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes | haploid |
| a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two other cells of the same size | binary fission |
| in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms to new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes | mitosis |
| reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent | asexual reproduction |
| a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells | meiosis |
| a haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid reproductive cell | gamete |
| interphase | |
| cytokinesis | |
| interphase | |
| prophase | |
| spindle fiber | |
| metaphase | |
| anaphase | |
| telophase | |
| cell plate | |
| synapsis | |
| tetrad | |
| crossing-over | |
| genetic-recombination | |
| independent assortment | |
| spermatogenesis | |
| oogenesis | |
| polar body | |
| sexual reproduction |
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