In genetics, an organism is homozygous for a trait if it has two alleles that are the SAME. Example: BB or bb genotypes.

In genetics, an organism is heterozygous for a trait if it has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. Example: Bb.

Represented by either a capital or lowercase letter, alleles are alternate versions of genes. Can either by dominant or recessive.

Considered the father of genetics because of his early work with pea plants.

A segment (piece) of DNA that codes for a protein.

homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes that are the same size, shape and control the same function. You receive one from mom and the other from dad.

Dominant alleles are always represented by a capital letter. Dominant alleles are stronger than recessive alleles, and are always expressed when paired with a recessive allele.

Recessive alleles are always represented by a lowercase letter. Recessive alleles are weaker than dominant alleles, and can only be expressed when two recessive alleles are paired together.

Pairs of alleles or genes for a particular trait. We usually write them as letters, like Bb. You cannot see this by looking at the organism.

The physical appearance of a trait, like if eyes are brown or blue. You can determine this by looking at the organism!

A cross of just one character or allele.

A rule observed by Mendel that explained the disappearance and reappearance of traits. The trait observed in the offspring is dominant. The trait that disappears in the offspring is recessive.

The two alleles (homologs) for a trait must separate when gametes are formed.

Law of independent assortment

Alleles from different traits are inherited independently of each other.

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Genetics Vocabulary

Unit 8: Genetics

Term	Definition
homozygous	In genetics, an organism is homozygous for a trait if it has two alleles that are the SAME. Example: BB or bb genotypes.
heterozygous	In genetics, an organism is heterozygous for a trait if it has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. Example: Bb.
allele	Represented by either a capital or lowercase letter, alleles are alternate versions of genes. Can either by dominant or recessive.
Gregor Mendel	Considered the father of genetics because of his early work with pea plants.
gene	A segment (piece) of DNA that codes for a protein.
homologous chromosomes	Chromosomes that are the same size, shape and control the same function. You receive one from mom and the other from dad.
dominant	Dominant alleles are always represented by a capital letter. Dominant alleles are stronger than recessive alleles, and are always expressed when paired with a recessive allele.
recessive	Recessive alleles are always represented by a lowercase letter. Recessive alleles are weaker than dominant alleles, and can only be expressed when two recessive alleles are paired together.
genotype	Pairs of alleles or genes for a particular trait. We usually write them as letters, like Bb. You cannot see this by looking at the organism.
phenotype	The physical appearance of a trait, like if eyes are brown or blue. You can determine this by looking at the organism!
monohybrid cross	A cross of just one character or allele.
Rule of dominance	A rule observed by Mendel that explained the disappearance and reappearance of traits. The trait observed in the offspring is dominant. The trait that disappears in the offspring is recessive.
Law of segregation	The two alleles (homologs) for a trait must separate when gametes are formed.
Law of independent assortment	Alleles from different traits are inherited independently of each other.
Bb	heterozygous
BB	homozygous dominant
bb	homozygous recessive

Created by: Biomonsters

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