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fallacy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Non sequitur- | a statement that is not connected in a logical or clear way to anything said before it |
| straw man | a weak or imaginary argument or opponent that is set up to be easily defeated |
| begging the question | is a fallacy in which the premises include the claim that the conclusion is true or (directly or indirectly) assume that the conclusion is true. |
| False dichotomy (either-or) | either-or |
| red herring | a fallacy in which an irrelevant topic is presented in order to divert attention from the original issue. The basic idea is to "win" an argument by leading attention away from the argument and to another topic |
| Hasty generalization | This fallacy is committed when a person draws a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is not large enough. |
| misleading statistics- | states a statistic that is not true |
| Stereotype (sweeping generalization)- | occurs when a writer builds an argument upon the assumption that there are only two choices or possible outcomes when actually there are several. Outcomes are seldom so simple |
| slippery slope | the speaker argues that, once the first step is undertaken, a second or third step will inevitably follow, much like the way one step on a slippery incline will cause a person to fall and slide all the way to the bottom. |
| False analogy | two objects (or events), A and B are shown to be similar. Then it is argued that since A has property P, so also B must have property P. fails when the two objects, A and B, are different in a way which affects whether they both have property P. |
| circular reasoning | is an attempt to support a statement by simply repeating the statement in different or stronger terms |
| Post hoc, ergo propter hoc | based upon the mistaken notion that simply because one thing happens after another, the first event was a cause of the second event. Post hoc reasoning is the basis for many superstitions and erroneous beliefs. |
| ad hominem | is a general category of fallacies in which a claim or argument is rejected on the basis of some irrelevant fact about the author of or the person presenting the claim or argument. |
Created by:
jottoson2013
Popular English Vocabulary sets