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Fallacies
English Vocabulary
| Term | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| False dichotomy (either-or) | A false dilemma is a type of informal fallacy that involves a situation in which limited alternatives are considered, when in fact there is at least one additional option. The opposite of this fallacy is argument to moderation. | |
| Hasty generalization | Hasty generalization is an informal fallacy of faulty generalization by reaching an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence—essentially making a hasty conclusion without considering all of the variables | |
| Sterotype(sweeping generalization) | A dicto simpliciter or ad dictum simpliciter are Latin phrases for a type of informal fallacy of presumption | |
| False analogy | A false analogy is a faulty instance of the argument from analogy. | |
| post hoc, ergo propter hoc | occurring or done after the event. Post hoc ergo propter hoc, Latin for "after this, therefore because of this", is a logical fallacy that states "Since Y event followed X event, Y event must have been caused by X event." | |
| straw man | a person compared to a straw image; a sham | |
| red herring | something, esp. a clue, that is or is intended to be misleading or distracting. | |
| misleading statistics | when a statistical argument asserts a falsehood. In some cases, the misuse may be accidental. In others, it is purposeful and for the gain of the perpetrator. | |
| slippery slope | an idea or course of action which will lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous. | |
| circular reasoning | logical fallacy in which "the reasoner begins with what he or she is trying to end up with". The components of a circular argument are often logically valid because if the premises are true | |
| ad hominen | (of an argument or reaction) arising from or appealing to the emotions and not reason or logic. | |
| begging the question | informal fallacy in which an implicit premise would directly entail the conclusion; in other words, basing a conclusion on an assumption that is as much in need of proof or demonstration... | |
| inductive | characterized by the inference of general laws from particular instances | |
| deductive | characterized by the inference of particular instances from a general law. | |
| Non sequitur | a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement. | •She's wearing red shoes. Her favorite color must be red |
Created by:
norris.tyler08
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