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REL Exam 1
Rel 2000
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Religion is like a specter... which means??? | it seems real, but hard to nail down |
| A strong ______ category doesn't require privileged information | academic |
| academic approaches can't include _______ origins and this doesn't mean they don't ____ | non-human; exist |
| one academic definition of religion is by BRUCE LINCOLN who said that religion is "__ ___ ___" which means "__ ___ ___ __" | arts de faire; practices of everyday life |
| Bruce lincoln said religion is "__ __ __" which means that it is oriented towards the _____ and the _____, and spoken of with a ______,_____ authority | arts de faire; transcendent; eternal; transcendant; eternal |
| Bruce Lincoln definition of religion is still not a perfect definition because it is too _____ (____ _____) and doesn't allow for religion as "____ _____" ("__ ___ __ ___" | broad; ethical absolutism; sui generis; of its own kind |
| Religion as a concept states that if religion is not an ____ ____ then we shouldn't try to define it as such | independent reality |
| religion as a concept: "religion is solely the creation of the ____ study". we must understand what we call "___" instead | scholar's; religion |
| E.B. Tylor states that the origin of all religions is _____ which is the belief in ____,____ powers behind all things | animism; living; personal |
| E.B. Tylor believes that animism progressed from the "____" age (1st stage) when they believed in individual forces in individual objects | savage |
| _____ states that the origin of all religions is animism | E.B. Tylor |
| E.B. Tylor believes that animism 2nd stage of progression was the "____" age when they believed that forces existed outside the objects and took on identities | barbaric |
| E.B. Tylor believes that animism 3rd stage of animism was the ___ ____ which was the belief in one god (_____) | highest evolution; monotheism |
| E.B. Tylor's reason was ____ in the progression but it was passed on ___ premise | rational; false |
| According to Tylor's view, religion exist because we are trying to explain the ___ ____ but now we have ____ that can do it for us | natural world; science |
| Science is "magic without the mistakes" means that science has ______,____ laws that are right/correct | universal; unbreakable |
| Science is "___ ___ ___ ___" means that science has universal, unbreakable laws that are right/correct | magic without the mistakes |
| Frazer believed that early humans focused on survival by using ____ ____ to control the natural world (based on ___ theory of theoretical and real connections) | natural world; Tylor's |
| Frazer said magic was seen as "___,___, and ___" that provided a sense of control and provided magicians with power | constant, universal, and unbreakable |
| Frazer said religion is marked by viewing the powers of the natural world as ____ not ___; religion is about ___. | personalities; principles; people |
| We don't say that religion is magic without the mistakes because, religion is not based upon ____,____ laws that are correct like science does. | universal, unbreakable |
| We don't say that religion is magic without the mistakes because religion allowed for ____ because ___ make the decisions | failure; gods |
| Totem and Taboo is ____'s psychological interpretation of ___ people | Freud's; primitive |
| Freud says that all religion started as ____ with a ___ and ____ | totemism; totem; taboo |
| Freud says that all religion started as totemism with a ____, which is the animal associated with the clan (_____ object),and taboo | totem; sacred |
| Freud says that all religion started as totemism with a totem and ____, which is where the clan declares the something as forbidden (the need for ___ proves the desire exists) | taboo; taboos |
| ___ and ___ are universal taboos | incest and murder |
| Freud explained that sons loved and respected but also reared and resented their fathers so they would kill (and eat) their fathers and take their wives but then would feel guilty and pick a ____ to represent the fathers | totem |
| Freud's theory about the sons and their fathers gives us the ____ against killing ____ animal that then expanded to all murder and guilt and regret they got and guilt regret from taking their fathers' wives gives us ___ against incest | taboo; totemic; taboo |
| Freud's The Future of an Illusion is less about ___ and more about ____ | ritual; belief |
| Freud thought because life is dangerous and scary that we joined ___ for protection but the clans don't protect us from ___- | clans; death |
| Freud said that we deal with death like children so we created a "_____" to protect us from death which provides ____ comfort and a rationale for following ____ ____ | father; psychological; social norms |
| Freud states that "God" is an ____, that god is something we want desperately to be true | illusion |
| Freud believed that societies move through psychological stages of development 1) ____ was useful in developing communities 2) it's part of society's childhood that we've ___ 3) its persistence makes it a kind of social __ __ | religion; outgrown; mental illness |
| In both Totem and Taboo and The Future of an Illusion, Freud states that religion is ___ and exist to help us deal with ___ and ___ | false; guilt and fear |
| Freud's The Future of an Illusion is the development after the establishment of ____ gods, but the theory in The Future of an Illusion doesn't explain why or how ___ changed from the theory in Totem and Taboo | totemic; god |
| In Emile Durkheim's The Elementary Forms of Religious Life he states that religion is about the division between "___" and "___" not the ___ and ____ (not belief in spirits) | sacred and profane; supernatural and natural |
| Emile Durkheim says that the ____ things are set apart as "superior, powerful, forbidden from normal contact, and deserving of great respect" and that it unites the community | sacred |
| Emile Durkheim says that ____ things are mundane, they are related to the everyday life of the individual | profane |
| Durkheim claims that his distinction is not ____ because "anything can be ___, anything can be ___, but nothing can be ___" | moral; sacred; profane; both |
| Durkheim believes that there is no conflict ___ and __ by using the example "there is no church of magic", continuing by saying that ____ is private and therefor it's ____, and _____ is public and therefore it's _____ | religion and magic; magic; profane; religion; sacred |
| Religion is like a specter... which means? | seems real, but hard to nail down |
| "Religion as Specter" falls back on (2)equally ambiguous terms which are? | "the holy" (otto) and "the sacred" (Eliade) |
| "Religion as Specter" _____ leads us to studying something else: 1) society (Durkheim) 2) psychology (Freud) | reductionism |
| E.B. Tylor's animism "savage" age is when they believed in individual forces in individual objects, what is an example? | a tree having a soul/spirit |
| E.B. Tylor's animism "barbaric" age is when they believed taht forces existed outside the objects and took on identities, what is an example? | that trees become forests that have spirits and then the forests take on own identity and can leave the forests |
| Enlightenment: In the intellectual movement stressed reason over ____ | revelation |
| Enlightenment: they move away from ____ towards ____ (religionswissenschaft-religion-science) | theology; rationality |
| Enlightenment: belief in universal human nature/reason- "___" became universal | religion |
| Enlightenment: A strong academic category doesn't require ___ ___; academic approaches can't include _____ origins | privileged information; non-human |
| One Academic Definition of Religion: ___ ___ said religion is: Arts de faire ("practices of everyday life") | Bruce Lincoln |
| Why is Bruce Lincoln's definition of religion as arts de fairs not a perfect definition? | 1) too broad (ethical absolutism) 2) doesn't allow for religion as sui generis ("of its own kind") |
| Religion as a Concept: 1)If ____ is not an independent reality, then we shouldn't try to define it as such- "____ is solely the creation of the scholar's study". 2)we should understand what we call "____" instead | religion; religion; religion |
| Pluralism and Perspectives: what are the 3 voices (perspectives)? and what are their truths? | 1)Academic/Scholarly- a)based on empirical evidence b)subject to change; 2)Theological- a)often based in faith and unchanging b)reworking a tradition from within 3)Civic- a)debate validly "American" or civic identity |
| Academic Study of Religion: _____ _____ is when you give human characteristics to object, feelings, or ideas. (Examples-love is blind) (when people talk about religions teaching things-Ex. Christianity teaches love) | pathetic fallacy |
| What is an example of pathetic fallacy? | 1)love is blind 2)when people talk about religions teaching things- Christianity teaches love |
| Pathetic Fallacy leads to: (2) | 1)making generalizations;imprecision 2)making theological conclusions |
| Academic Study of Religion: ____ focuses on what people believe or do (based on the reports of practitioners) _____ investigates how religion operates, ignores the content (generally unrecognizable to practitioners) | substantive; functional |
| Ways of Studying Religion: "religious studies includes many disciplines, what are some of them? (5) | 1)Theology 2)Anthropology and Sociology 3)Psychology 4)Philosophy 5)Phenomenology |
| Ways of Studying Religion: describe theology and anthropology & sociology | Theology:reworking a traditions from within the framework of the tradition Anthropology&Sociology:human/social concern (people as creators of and by culture)(functional focus) |
| Ways of Studying Religion: describe psychology, philosophy and phenomenolgy | Psychology:unconscious functions/causes(important contribution but difficult to apply) Philosophy:focus on logic(internal logic of religious claims) Phenomenology:"that which appears"(religion on "its own terms")(rigorous description) |
| ___ ____ compared religions-focus on emotional experiences; his approach appears theological,he uses his own emotional experience; presents as academic, but often theological | Rudolf Otto |
| Rudolf Otto thought religion is not about theology or practice, he though religion was 1)___ _____mental state 2)______ 3) a "______" experience 4)the experience is not a human construct, but the doctrines are | 1)sui generis-(of its own kind, has no origin;irreplaceable;unique) 2)irrational-(cannot be accurately described in human terms-says profound religion is irrational) 3)numinous |
| Tylor's theory=_____ Frazer's theory=____ | animistic; magic |
| Tylor is though of as the founder of cultural ____ | anthropology |
| Tylor's aims and assumptions were 1)must know the whole culture 2)must study it "scientificially" 3)accepted 2 "laws of culture. What were the 2 "laws of culture"?? | 1)"psychic unity" of humanity-(universal rationality explain cross-cultural similarities) 2)cultures intellectually progress over time-("the ascent of man") -----Neither of these "laws" are true---- |
| Tylor's ____ is "the belief in living, personal powers behind all things" | animism |
Created by:
kenzey11