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X-ray Physics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the SI unit of measurement for electrical power? | Watt |
| What is the SI unit of resistance? | OHM |
| Briefly explain the Compton effect. | Scatter Radiation, happens in the patient, has no value in x-ray, is completely unwanted. |
| What is a photon? | Bundle of energy, heterogeneous, wavelike |
| What is another word for "Breaking Radiation"? | Bremsstrahlung |
| What is Physics? | The study of physical forces and quantities or the scientific study of matter, force, and motion and how they relate to each other. |
| what are SI units based off of ? | The metric system |
| how is mass measured in SI units? | Kilograms |
| How is matter defined? | Anything that has mass and volume. The weight is related to gravity. |
| What is the word used to define ability to do work? | energy |
| What are 2 types of energy? | Potential and Kinetic |
| What does the Atomic number signify? | the number of protons |
| What is the number of protons and neutrons called in an atom? | Atomic Mass |
| what are the structures of an atom and what are their charges? | Proton (+) Neutron (neutral) Electron (-) |
| An atom is defined as what? | The smallest particle in which matter can be divided while still maintaing it's unique properties. |
| What is the nucleus of an atom? | protons and neutrons |
| Niels Bohr did what in 1913? | Came up with the concept that electrons orbited around the nucleus |
| How many electrons are in the nucleus of an atom? | None ;) |
| How are electrons bound to an atom? | EBE or electron Binding Energy, and that is based on the number of protons. |
| which electron shell has the most EBE? | K |
| What is the symbol and Atomic Number for Aluminum, Tungsten, and Lead? | Al 13, W 74, Pb 82 |
| How does the formula 2n(squared) work? | n is the orbit you are talking about so starting with K it would go down the alphabet, so M would be 3 so you would say 3 squared which is 9 then 9*2=18 so the M orbit can hold 18 electrons |
| define electricity | free electrons that travel on a path from one point to another. |
| define ionization | the process of gaining or losing an electron |
| what does it mean when an ion is cation? anion? | Cation- more positive ion, Anion- more negative ion |
| What is the Law of Conservation say? | Energy cannot be created or destroyed bit can be changed into other forms of energy. |
| What are the 3 laws of Electricity? | 1. Opposites charges attract, like charges repel. 2. Only negative charges move through a conductor. 3. Electric charges reside on the surface of a conductor |
| In OHM's law, what do the V, I, and R, represent? | V-Volts, I-Current, R- Resistance |
| What is OHM's Law? | the amount of resistance overcome by one volt to cause an amp to flow. |
| What is power? | the amount of work that electricity does over a given amount of time |
| electrical charges are measured in what? | Coulomb (C) |
| What is an Ampere? | A unit of measuring electrical current in a circut |
| What is a Current? | the quality of electrons flowing from one point to another. |
| How are Magnetic fields and Electric currents related? | Electric currents can create magnetic fields, and Magnetic fields can create electricity |
| When you are running a current on a wire it's just a current, but when you wrap a wire around an iron core it creates a what? | Magnetic field |
| What happens to the magnetic field when you decrease the number of time the wire is wrapped around the core? | the field is weaker. |
| Electromagnetic Fields require what kind of current? | AC |
| What is Radiation? | Energy traveling through space. |
| How much mass does Electromagnetic Radiation have? | None |
| what is a frequency? | The number of cycles passing through a given point in 1 second. |
| When a wavelength decreases the frequency what? | Increases |
| X-rays with shorter wavelengths have what frequency and can do what? | Higher frequencies and are more penetrating. |
| What is an isotope? | two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei |
| What kind of motor does the tube use? | induction motor |
| What is the range kVp for a typical x-ray? | 40-125 |
| what are the two main types of Ionizing radiation? | Diagnostic and Gamma X-rays |
| What is Electricity? | Form of energy that is created from the movement of electrons. |
| what is a unit of energy? | a joule |
| What are the 5 types of energy? | electromagnetic, nuclear, thermal, chemical, mechanical. |
| What does a circuit breaker do? | automatically cuts power if values are too high to prevent circuit overload to prevent damage to the equipment. |
| Force x Distance = what? | Work |
| Nuclear Energy is released from what? | radionuclides |
| what kind of energy do we deal with in radiology? | Electromagnetic Energy |
| What is the speed of light? | 186,000 miles per second |
| What is rectification? | converting AC current to DC current so it can only flow in one direction. |
| when can an X-ray machine produce an X-ray when the current has not been rectified? | Never. |
| Do X-rays have a positive or negative charge? | Neither, they are neutral |
| what are three electrical factors that are part of a circuit? | Resistance, Current, and Potential Difference |
| Define resistance | any property in the circuit that hinders the flow of current, |
| What are 3 things that give you resistance | material, length and distance of the conductor. |
| Define Potential difference | the force or speed of the electron flow in the current |
| AC current moves in what way? | Negative to Positive |
| What is EMF? what does it do? | Electromotive force, it is the force pushing the electrons, The volt. |
| In what kind of circuit does each component have it's own direct path to both the negative and the positive sides of the circuit? | Parallel Circuit |
| How many times does the current alternate per second in the US? | 60 |
| A battery is an example of what kind of current? | Direct Current |
| what are two other names for voltage? | potential difference and EMF (electromotive force) |
| what are the components of a circuit? | Power source, conductor, load. |
| The autotransformer is located where, or in which section, on the circuit board? | Main Primary Circuit |
| A typical Xray machine has how many what in the rectifier? | 4 Diodes |
| A step down happens where on the circuit board? | Filament circuit |
| what houses the filaments? | Focusing cup |
| the stepdown transformer take the amps and voltage to what? and for what reason? | 3-5 amps, 5-15 volts, if the amp/volts weren't decreased it would be too much power/heat going to the filaments and they would burn out. |
| What is the Target? | the anode |
| Why does the rotor spin? | to dissipate heat |
| Something that is used to correct fluctuations in the incoming voltage is called a what? | Line Voltage compensator |
| what kind of transformer converts volts to kilovolts? | stepup |
| An autotransformer is which type of induction where as a step up/down transformer is what? | Auto-Self induction Step- Mutual induction |
| What is electromagnetic induction? | electricity produced when conductor is placed between two magnetic fields. |
| what happens to the amps when you increase the volts | they decrease. |
| The lower the volts the __?__ the amps. | higher |
| mA meter measures what? | tube current |
| What controls the autotransformer? | the Tech |
| what does the autotransformer control? | Major and minor kV levels |
| What does a full wave rectifier do? | moves the bottom 1/2 of the wave to the top so that it is now DC current |
| What does a half wave rectifier do? | suppresses the bottom 1/2 of the wave while producing DC current |
| What machine can you do a spin-top test on? | Single phase machines |
| A pulse represents what? | Crest or ripples of a frequency |
| A 3 phase 6 pulse machine produces how many more usable photons than a single phase ? | 35% |
| A 3 phase 12 pulse machine produces how many more usable photons than a single phase ? | 41% |
| What is an instrument for absorbing scatter radiation? | a grid |
| What are the 5 different kind of wave frequencies? | 1/2 wave, full wave, 3 phase 6 pulse, 3 phase 12 pulse, and high frequency. |
| What is the main source of scatter radiation? | Subject/Object/Patient. |
| The actual focal spot is __?__ than the effective focal spot. | Larger |
| Why is the tube vacuumed? | so the electrons can flow unobstructed from cathode to target. |
| What is essential to produce an X-ray? | Source, Power, Target. |
| What does the penetrometer do? | tells the ability of penetrating power. |
| what is thermionic emission? | (boiling off of electrons) When the filament is heated by high current electrons are created |
| What happens in Brems x-ray? | the electrons slow around the nucleus and abruptly change directions which creates a photon |
| what is the EBE of the K shell? | 69.5 |
| 100% brems x-ray happens when? | when kVp is below 70. |
| below 70 kVp what percentage of the beam is characteristic x-ray? | 0% |
| When are characteristic photons produced? | when the kVp is above 70 |
| What happens in characteristic radiation? | A hole is created in the K shell of the tungsten atom and an electron from the L shell fills the one in the K shell and when that happens a photon with tungsten characteristics is emitted. |
Created by:
christina325
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