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Biology chap 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are two reasons why cells divide rather than continue to grow indefinitely? | a. the larger a cell becomes, the more demands the cell places on its DNA b. the cell has more trouble moving enough nutrients and wastes across the cell. |
| Is the following true or false? As a cell increases in size, it usually makes extra copies of its DNA. | False |
| What determines the rate at which food and oxygen in a cell are used up and waste products produced? | The cell's volume |
| How can you obtain a cell's ratio of surface area to volume? | Divide surface area by volume (surface area/volume) |
| If a cell's surface area is 6cm(squared) and its volume is 1cm(cubed), then what is its ratio of surface area to volume? | 6:1 |
| Is the following true or false? As a cell's ratio of surface area to volume as the cell's volume increases more rapidly than its surface area? | The ratio decreases |
| What is cell division? | The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells |
| How does cell division solve the problem of increasing size? | Each daughter cell has an increased size by reducing volume |
| Is the following sentence true or false? Chromosomes are not visible in most cells except during cell division. | True |
| When chromosomes become visible at the beginning of cell division, what does each chromosome consist of? | Each chromosome of 2 identical sister chromatids |
| Each pair of chromatids is attached at an area called ____ | centromeres |
| The period of growth in between cell divisions is called ____ | interphase |
| What is the cell cycle? | Series of events that cells undergo as they grow and divide |
| Three phases of interphase. | G1, S, G2, |
| The division of the cell nucleus during the M phase of the cell cycle is called _____ | Mitosis |
| What happens during the G1 phase? | Cell growth and the synthase of new proteins and organelles |
| What happens during the S phase? | DNA replication |
| What happens during the G2 phase? | Preparation for mitosis |
| Four phases of mitosis. | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT) |
| Name for the two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope at the beginning of prophase. | centrioles |
| What is the spindle? | A fanlike microtube structure that helps separate the chromosomes |
| The chromosomes move until they from two groups near the poles of the spindle. Name the phase. | Anaphase |
| The chromosomes become visible. The centrioles take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus. Name the phase. | Prophase |
| The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Name the phase | Metaphase |
| A nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes. The nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus. Name the phase. | Telophase |
| What is cytokinesis? | The division of cytoplasm |
| How does cytokinesis occur in most animals? | The cell membrane is drawn inward until the cytoplasm is pinched into 2 nearly equal parts |
| What forms midway between the divided nucleus during cytokinesis? | cell plate |
| What happens to the cells at the edges of an injury when a cut in the skin or a break in a bone occurs? | The cells divide rapidly, starting the healing process |
| What happens to the rapidly dividing cells when the healing process nears completion? | The rate of of cell division slows down, control of growth is restored, and everything returns to normal |
| What do cyclins regulate? | They regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells. |
| What are internal regulators? | Proteins that respond to events inside a cell |
| What is true about external regulators? | (true)They direct cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle (true)They include growth factors (true)They prevent excessive cell growth and keep the tissues of the body from disrupting each other. |
| What is cancer? | a disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth |
| Caner cells don't respond to signals that regulate___ Cancer cells form masses of cells called ____ Cancer cells break loose and spread throughout the ___ | the growth of cells tumors body |
| Is the following true or false? Cancer is a disease of the cell cycle? | True |
| The division of a cell's cytoplasm is called ____ | cytokinesis |
| The final phase of mitosis is ___ | telophase |
| The phase of mitosis in which microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the poles of the spindle is ____ | metaphase |
| At the beginning of cell division, each chromosome consists of two sister___ | chromatids |
| The longest phase of mitosis is____ | prophase |
| The phase of mitosis that ends when the chromosomes stop moving is___ | anaphase |
| The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells is called____ | cell division |
| A tiny structure located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope is a(n)_____ | centrioles |
| A disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth is called____ | cancer |
| The area where a pair of chromatids is attached is the___ | centromere |
| The division of the cell nucleus is called____ | mitosis |
| A protein that regulates the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells is____ | cyclin |
| The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide is known as the____ | cell cycle |
| A fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes is a(n)____ | spindle |
| The time period between cell divisions is called____ | interphase |
Created by:
mal_dixon98