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Mitosis and meiosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Somatic Cells | normal cells that make up most of the body |
| Gamete cells | sex cells only used for reproduction |
| Haploid | half the normal set of chromosomes |
| Diploid | two sets of chromosomes |
| meiosis 1 | Divides the cell into 2 daughter cells |
| Meiosis 2 | Divides the cell into 4 daughter cells |
| Prophase 1 | Spindle fibers form. Centrioles start to move to opposite sides of the cell. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Chromosomes pair up with their homologous chromosomes. The Nuclear envelope breaks. Crossing over increases genetic variation. |
| Metaphase 1 | Spindle fibers attach to each tetrad at the centromere. Paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of the cell |
| Anaphase 1 | Spindle fibers pull apart the homologous chromosomes. Individual chromosomes are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell. |
| Telophase 1 | Nuclear Membrane reforms chromosomes start to uncoil |
| First Cytokinesis | Forms two diploid daughter cells |
| Prophase 2 | Nuclear envelope breaks apart. Spindle fibers form. Chromatin condenses into chromsomes. No tetrads or crossing over. |
| Metaphase 2 | Individual chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. Spindle fibers attach to the centromere. |
| Anaphase 2 | Spindle fibers separate the sister chromatids |
| Telophase 2 | Nuclear membrane reforms. Chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin |
| Second Cytokinesis | Forms four haploid daughter cells |
| Homologous chromosomes | 2 pairs of chromosomes that are put together and they exchange gametes. One from the dad and one from the mom |
| tetrad | A structure containing four chromatids |
| Crossing over | Process in which chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatid |
| Cell Cycle | Interphase- cell is growing, copying it's DNA, and getting ready to divide Mitosis-Nucleus is dividing in 4 phases Cytokinesis- he cytoplasm divides |
| chromatin | Loos DNA and proteins |
| Chromosomes | Tightly wound DNA and proteins |
| Sister Chromatids | 2 Identical halves |
| Centromere | Connects 2 sister chromatids |
| interphase | Has 3 parts G1- Growth and development Synthesis phase- DNA is copied G2- Preparation for cell division |
| Mitosis | Nuclear envelope breaks apart, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and they are organized |
| Prophase | Pair up chromosomes |
| Metaphase | Line up chromosomes |
| Anaphase | Split chromosomes |
| Telophase | 2 new cells touching |
| Nuclear envelope | Wall around the nucleus |
| Spindle Fibers | The fibers that connect the centromere and the chromosomes |
| centioles | where the spindle fibers come from |
| Animal cell cytokinesis | the two cells completely divide |
| Plant cell cytokinesis | there becomes a new cell wall in between the two new cells, but they are still touching |
| Daughter cells | The two new cells |
| Cancer | When cells grow out of control and become harmful |
| 3 factors that cause cancer and one example each | Heredity- Runs in family Environment- If you live next to a nuclear plant Lifestyle- If you eat to much |
| Cancer treatment options | Operation radiation Chemotherapy |
Created by:
014bmahon