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Chapter 5
Decontamination
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| As defined by AAMI _____________ is defined as the removal of contamination from an item to the extent necessary for further processing or for the intended use. | cleaning |
| As defined by OSHA ___________________ is defined as "the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate or destroy blood borne pathogens on a surface or item to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and | decontamination |
| 3)__________________ is defined as microorganisms on a contaminated item | Bioburden |
| Sharps in the decontamination department should be confined and contained in _______________(puncture proof), and leak proof containers. | impervious |
| After thoroughly cleaning a contaminated item the most important step in the decontamination process is to ___________________the item. | rinse |
| Instruments in the OR that are just opened but not used still have to go through the decontam process EVERY item should be presumed ______________________ including new items. | contaminated |
| _____________________ are groups or collections of microorganisms that adhere to the surface of any object that comes into contact with nonsterile water (including distilled and deionized water). As these microorganisms continue to grow and multiply they | Biofilms |
| Biofilms adhere to all surfaces, but they form more slowly on smooth surfaces than on __________________ surfaces. | rough |
| In healthcare settings, the items most affected by biofilms are those with ________________, those with irregular or serrated surfaces, and those with difficult-to-reach surfaces. | lumens |
| Because chlorine, even in small amounts is extremely _________________ to surgical instruments, its use in the decontamination process is prohibited. | corrosive |
| A pH level of 7 is considered? | neutral |
| A pH level of below 7 is considered? | acidic |
| A pH level above 7 is considered? | alkaline |
| Instruments should never be stored _______, and all instruments should be sterilized as soon as possible after cleaning. | wet |
| Items that have been presoaked or treated must be rinsed thoroughly before further cleaning, because the presoaking or treatment agent may not be _________________ with the detergents used for cleaning. | compatible |
| _________________ detergents contain organic substances that assist in the breakdown of protein soils and blood. | Enzymatic |
| which enzymatic detergent breaks down blood, mucus, feces, and albumin? | protease |
| which enzymatic detergent breaks down fat (eg., bone marrow and adipose tissue)? | lipase |
| which enzymatic detergents catalyzes starches and breaks down carbohydrates? | amylases |
| Which detergents can be used to remove severe stains on stainless steel instruments | Organic acid |
| What detergents can be used in some mechanical washers, followed by a neutralizing acid rinse to clean surgical instrumentation? | High alkaline |
| What cleaning agents are available for removing stubborn soils and stains; however, these specially formulated agents can be difficult to remove and must be thoroughly rinsed away? | Non-abrasive |
| What is conisderd to be organic compounds, i.e. they are made from products found in nature? | Soaps |
| Every ________________ of the item must come in contact with the cleaning solutions. | surface |
| There must be some type of action that enhances the cleaning process, such as ______________on the surfaces. | friction |
| All ______________ items must be opened during the cleaning process. | hinged |
| Whenever recommended and indicated, multipart items must be _________________ for cleaning. | disassembled |
| To prevent damage to instruments when they are being sorted into trays for cleaning, _____________ items should always be placed on top of heavier items. | delicate |
| The mixing of different types of metals (stainless steel, copper, non-anodized aluminum, brass and chrome plating) should be avoided, because ____________ (chemical changes in the composition of metals) may occur in any heated, moist environment | electrolysis |
| ________________ cleaning may be the only effective method for certain instrumentations such as devices with lumens, powered equipment that cannot be immersed, and items that are delicate or of complex design. | Manual |
| Detergents used for manual cleaning are meant to bind with soils and keep them _________________ in the solution so they can be removed during the rinsing process. | suspended |
| Using more detergent than called for does not improve the cleaning action; in fact, it can __________________ the process by leaving residuals behind that do not rinse off and that will build up over time, causing instruments to bind and/or corrode. | impede |
| Just as cleaning is the most important step in the decontamination process, ______________is the most important step in the cleaning process because it removes loosened soils and debris. | rinsing |
| For either manual or mechanical cleaning, the final rinse should be performed with ________________ water to prevent mineral deposits. | treated |
| ____________ pads such as steel wool and plastic scrubbies should not be used because they will scratch device surfaces, providing places for bacteria and debris to collect and promoting corrosion. | Abrasive |
| _______________ are not acceptable for use, because they harbor bacteria, cannot be easily cleaned or disinfected, and break apart during use, leaving small particles in the serrations of instruments. | Sponges |
| All instruments with _______________ should be opened so that all surfaces can be reached by the cleaning solutions. | box locks |
| Small bowls or emesis basins should not be placed ______________ instruments; otherwise the detergent and water may not make full contact with the instruments. | over |
| Basins and utensils should be washed separately, using a _________________ to prevent them from moving around. | hold-down screen |
| What kind of washer uses mechanical cleaners that sanitize metal surgical case carts, supply carts, and even rigid sterilization containers. | Cart Washer |
| As for ALL medical devices processed in the CS/SPD, the device _________________ instructions for cleaning and sterilization should be obtained and followed. | manufacturer's |
| When instruments are "opened but not used" and returned to the CS/SPD from user departments, they are also considered contaminated and should be completely ________________. | reprocessed |
| To prevent damage, powered equipment should never be __________________ in a solution, come in contact with saline, or be processed in an ultrasonic cleaner. | immersed |
| Flexible endoscopes must always be _______________ before any manual precleaning is performed. | leak-tested |
| The scope should be flushed with 70% isopropyl alcohol to facilitate ___________. | drying |
| A ___________________process kills most microorganisms but not necessarily bacterial spores. | disinfection |
| With sufficient exposure and time and under specific conditions, some chemical disinfectants can kill spores as well and, therefore, are considered _______________. | sterilants |
| This disease producing agents requires this method of destruction: extended sterilization | Prions |
| This disease producing agents requires this method of destruction: sterilization | Bacterial Spores |
| This disease producing agents requires this method of destruction: high-level disinfection | Mycobacteria (tuberculosis) |
| This disease producing agents requires this method of destruction: intermediate-level disinfection | Nonlipid, small viruses |
| This disease producing agents requires this method of destruction: intermediate-level disinfection | Fungi |
| This disease producing agents requires this method of destruction: low level disinfection | Vegetative bacteria |
| This disease producing agents requires this method of destruction: low level disinfection | Lipid, medium-sized viruses |
| This device's intended use is to enter Sterile Tissue - Processing method: sterilization | Critical Device |
| This device's intended use is to come in contact with intact mucous membranes - Processing method: high-level disinfection | Semi critical Device |
| This device's intended use is to Comes in contact with intact skin - Processing method: sanitization | Noncritical Device |
| What is a low-level, environmental disinfectants that are effective against gram-positive bacteria, but ineffective against some gram-negative microorganisms, lipid viruses, and spores. | Quaternary ammonium compounds or quats |
| Quats are _______________ and are used for inanimate environmental surfaces. They are relatively non-toxic to humans, but can be corrosive to metal devices such as surgical instruments; they should not be used for medical devices intended for direct conta | bacterostatic |
| ______________ include chlorine and iodine based compounds, which they are considered a low to medium level disinfectant. | Halogens |
| ____________ , is a halogen which is generally used as a skin antiseptic to reduce the microorganisms on the skin. | Iodine |
| This is a mixture of alcohol and iodine-which is primarily used to treat cuts and abrasions. | Tincture of iodine |
| ___________________ are used to prepare the skin before surgery and, when mixed with detergents, to scrub or clean the skin and wounds. Iodine formulations are staining and, if allowed to pool on the skin, can cause burns. | Iodophors |
| ___________ are a carbolic-acid-based product and are effective against vegetative bacteria, fungi, and the mycobacterium that cause TB; they are not effective against bacterial spores and some viruses. | Phenolics |
| _______________ are effective antiseptics and sanitizers capable of killing a variety of bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi. They are not effective against spores and some hydrophilic viruses. | alcohols |
| __________________ are high-level disinfectants used on immersible items such as flexible and rigid endoscopes. | gluteraldehydes |
| The most common gluteraldehyde formulation in use today is _____________ . | Cidex |
| Records related to high-level disinfection should be kept with the sterilization records and should be _______________ for the period of time specified by the facility for the retention of such records. There should be full traceability back to the patien | retained |
Created by:
tlwatkins