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Stack #1495438
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| when harmful substances build up in the air to unhealthy levels | air pollution |
| most air pollution is the result of ___________ | human activities |
| naturals pollutants include ____, ______, and _______ | dust pollen and spores |
| a pollutant that is put directly into the air by human activity | primary pollutant |
| an example of a primary pollutant is _____ | soot from smoke |
| when a primary pollutant comes into contact with other primary pollutants or naturally occurring substances. (ex. water vapor and a chemical reaction takes place) | secondary pollutants |
| an example of a secondary pollutant is _____ | ground-level ozone |
| when the emissions from cars, trucks, and natural sources react with the ultraviolet rays of the sun and then mix with the oxygen in the atmosphere. | ground-level ozone forms |
| the most dangerous city in the world for children because of its very polluted air | Mexico city |
| an odorless, colorless, poisonous gas. It is produced by the incomplete burning of fossil fuels | Carbon monoxide (CO) |
| When combustion (burning) temperatures exceed 538 degrees C, nitrogen and oxygen combine to form ____ | Nitrogen oxides (NOx) |
| produced by chemical interactions between sulfur and oxygen | Sulfur dioxide (SO2) |
| organic chemicals that vaporize readily and form toxic fumes | Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) |
| tiny particles of liquid or solid matter | Particulate matter (particulates or PM) |
| sources of _______ are cares, trucks, buses, small engines, and some industrial processes. | Carbon monoxide (CO) |
| _______ comes from burning fuels in vehicles, power plants, and industrial boilers. | Nitrogen oxides (NOx) |
| _______ comes mostly from burning fossil fuels | Sulfur dioxide (SO2) |
| ________ come from burning fuels. Vehicles are a major source | Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) |
| most ______ come from construction, agriculture, forestry, and fires. Vehicles and industrial processes also contribute | particulates |
| primary air pollutants | carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter (PM) |
| ________ gas is an important component of the exhaust from vehicles. | Carbon monoxide |
| ______ are also found in many household products | VOCs |
| Particulate matter can also pollute the air and is usually divided into ____ and _____ particles | fine;coarse |
| _________ enter the air from fuel burned by vehicles and coal-burning power plants. | fine particles |
| sources of ________ particles are cement plants, mining operations, incinerators, wood-burning fireplaces, fields, and roads. | coarse |
| is air pollution a new phenomenon? | no |
| Two thousand years ago, ______, a roman philosopher and writer, complained about the foul air in Rome | Seneca |
| In 1273, England's King Edward I ordered that burning a particularly dirty kind of coal called ______ was illegal | sea-coal |
| most air pollution in urban areas comes from _____ and _____ | motor vehicles; industry |
| almost one-third of our air pollution comes from ______________ | gasoline burned by vehicles |
| What does the Clean Air Act do? | gives the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the authority to regulate vehicle emissions in the United States |
| the EPA required the gradual elimination of ______ in gasoline. | lead |
| (required in automobiles) clean exhaust gases of pollutants before the pollutants are able to exit the tailpipe | catalytic converters |
| what are zero-emission vehicles? | vehicles that have no tailpipe emissions, no emissions from gasoline, and no emission-control systems that deteriorate over time |
| burning fossil fuels releases huge quantities of ______ and _____ into the air | sulfur dioxide; nitrogen oxide |
| power plants that produce electricity emit at least ____ of all sulfur dioxide and more than _____ of all nitrogen oxides that pollute the air | two thirds; one third |
| what contribute to the VOCs in the air? | oil refineries, chemical manufacturing plants, furniture refinishers, and automobile repair shops |
| a machine that moves gases through a spray of water that dissolves many pollutants | scrubber |
| machines used in cement factories and coal-burning power plants to remove dust particles from smokestacks | electrostatic precipitators |
| when air pollution hangs over urban areas and reduces visibility | smog |
| what are the main causes of smog? | pollutants released by vehicles and industries |
| smog results from chemical reactions that involve ________ | sunlight, air, automobile exhaust, and ozone |
| usually, air temperatures decrease with height, but in an area with a _________, the air above is warmer than the air below | temperature inversion |
| if a city is located in a ______, the city has a greater chance of experiencing temperature inversions | valley |
Created by:
emilyily