Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
pharm ch9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which hemostatic agents may be used dry, moist and as powder or sponge form? | Absorbable gelatin |
| Which is a mechanical barrier to prevent bleeding | bone wax |
| What is the antidote for heparin | Protamine sulfate |
| What is the antidote for warfarin | Vitamin K |
| Which systemic coagulant is contraindicated in a patient with MH | Calcium salts |
| Anticoagulants are used for all reasons except | To dissolve blood clots causing miocardial infarctions |
| Which is not a thrombolytic drub | warfarin |
| How is heparin measured | units |
| Heparin is available in vials of units except | 150u |
| which drug is used to reverse heparin | protamine sulfate |
| What is the onset time of coumadin | 12-72 hours |
| What is the duration of Coumadin | 5-7 Days |
| What is another name for Coumadin | Warfarin |
| Calcium and vitamin K play a vital role in clot formation True or False | True |
| Which one of the following is a natural clot dissolving enzyme in the blood | Fibrinolysin |
| If a blood clot is formed in an artery what is the form of treatment | Surgical |
| Drugs that promote clot formation are termed | Coagulation |
| Which of the following is not a form of absorbable collagen sponge | Avitene |
| Which of the following is a microfibrillar collagen | Avitene |
| Which vitamin is important in coagulation | Vitamin K |
| Procedure to remove blood clots is | embolectomy |
| How do you apply avitene | Dry |
| Vitamin K is available as | Aquamephyton |
| Chemical hemostatic | monsel solution |
| Hemostatic | Oxidized regenerated cellulose |
| Oral anticoagulation | Warfarin |
| Parentral antigoaculant | Heparin |
| Systemic coagulation | Vitamin K |
| Thrombolytic | Altepase |
| What is a coagulant | promotes clotting |
| what is an anticoagulant | Inhibits clotting. Drugs interfere with blood clotting. Do not dissolve clots only prevent. Given parenteral or oral |
| What is a hemostatic | coagulants used in areas of bleeding |
| What is a systemic coagulant | Enhances coagulation |
| What is a thrombolytic | Speeds clot breakdown |
| What are agents that inhibit the process of blood clot formation | Anticoagulants |
| What are the two mechanisms of clotting in stage one | Extrinsic and intrinsic. "Platelet plug" |
| What is extrinsic? | Initiated by factors outside the blood. Damaged Tissues release factor 3 thromboplastin. |
| What is intrinsic | Initiated by factors contained in blood. Damaged Vessel releases thromboplastin |
| The formation or presence of a blood clot within the vascular system is termed | Thrombosis |
| What is the second stage of clotting | Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin. "Clotting factor" |
| During the first stage of blood clot formation _________ is formed | Thromboplastin |
| During the second stage of blood clot formation which is formed | Thrombin |
| What is the third stage of clotting | Thrombin converts fibrinogen into Fibrin. Fibrin is a net that forms a clot. |
| What is fibrin | A mesh of protein threads, a net to form a clot |
| Third stage of blood clot formation forms | Fibrin |
| What are required in all stages of clotting to enable critical steps | Calcium and vitamin K |
| What is the medical intervention for an arterial blood clot? A venous blood clot? | Arterial=surgery Venous=medically |
| Which of the following take a vital role in the process of clot formation | B.Calcium and C.Vitamin K |
| When are thrombolytics used? | If the patient has a DVT or PE. When a clot forms within a healthy vessel. |
| What are topical coagulants | Used in surgical settings. Gelfilm, avitene, surgicel, helistat, thrombin, bonewax. (silver nitrate and monsels are chemical) |
| What are systemic coagulants | Used in medical treatment. Calcium salts and vitamin K |
| What is absorbable gelatin | Gelfilm, gelfoam, powder or sponge form. Made from bovine. absorbed in 4-6 weeks. Dry or moist. powder is mixed with saline |
| Which of the following is not a form of absorbable gelatin | thrombogen |
| What is thrombin | Made from Bovine.Liver trauma. topically only. spray bottle or powder form. refrigerated. |
| What is bone wax | made from beeswax. Ortho and neuro surgery. pliable, opaque, waxy. May harden. Load on penfields |
| What are fibrin sealants | Tissel and Evicel. Dont inject directly into vascular structures or organs. Must be mixed |
| What is microfibrillar collagen hemostat | Avitene, instat. Dry fibrous. Made from bovine. Apply with dry instruments only. Do not use on non bleeding tissue will cause adhesions |
| What is oxidized cellulose | Oxycel, surgicel and nukit. Gauze or cotton. when applied it swells up into gelatinous mass. absorbable but normally removed. |
| What are chemical hemostatics | Tannic acide, silver nitrate, monsels solution |
| What is tannic acid | Topically placed on bleeding membranes. Mix with agents to form simieles solution |
| What is silver nitrate | Mixed with potassium nitrate. Applicator sticks used to cauterize wounds. It can remove tissue and warts. comes in different lengths. moisten tips with water |
| What is monsels solution | Brown sulfuric acid and nitric acid diffused with water. Applied to surface remaining cervical cone biopsy. Lugols stains surface of cervical tissue |
| What is absorbable collagen sponge | Collastat, helistat, hemopad, instat, superstat. Made from bovine. Can reduce strength of bone cement. apply dry and cover with lap sponge. contraindicated in neurosurgery |
| What is systemic coagulants | Calcium salts, vitamin K, blood coagulation factors, factor IX complex |
| What are calcium salts | calcium chloride-can be given IV, PO or intramuscular to help blood coagulation "anesthesia monitors closely during surgey. Not given to pt with hx of MH because calcium is released from muscle cells in MH |
| What is vitamin K known as | konakion, mephyton, aquamephyton. Promotes clotting by increasing synthesis of prothrombin in liver. Low vit K=more bleeding. Given SubQ. Only given IV rarely due to anaphylactic reactions. In surgery FFP is given for immediate hemostasis |
| What are blood coagulation factors | Antihemophicic factor (AHF), hemofil M-plasma protein converts prothrombin to thrombin (people with hemophilia dont have this VIII), koate HT, monociate. |
| What is factor IX complex | konynel IT, profiline heat treated, proplex. combination of factors used to reverse coumadin induced hemorrhage. |
| What is Heparin | primary Anticoagulant used intraoperatively. Antidote is protatime sulfate. Interfere with platelet aggregation. rapid onset duration is 2-4hours. Reaction=bleeding, thrombocytopenia. COntraindications=thrombocytopenia, vascular procedures |
| Oral anticoagulants | used for management of thromboemolic disease DVT or PE. Warfarin (coumadin),Aspirin |
| What is Warfarin | Coumadin. Stops vitamin K activity in the liver. Antidote for vit K. Measure with PT and INR nl 2-3. |
| What is aspirin | ASA or acetylsalicylic acid- prevent clot formation given after MI and TIA to reduce change of clots. Can stay in system for 1 week must stop taking prior to surgery |
| What are Thrombolytics | Given IV. Activate plasminogen to form plasmin which digests fibrin and breaks down clot. Stretokinase, urokinase, antistreplase, alteplase |
| Antiplase | AKA Activase is a thrombolytic acent. recombinant DNA technology. Targets clots rather than prevent |
Created by:
nolo3244